Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

The system that involves the movement of blood throughout the body.

Question 2

What are the four substances the circulatory system moves around?

Answer 2

1. Nutrients from intestines to the cells.
2. Waste from the cells through the kidneys.
3. Oxygenated Blood from lungs.
4. Carbon dioxide away from the cell to the lungs.

Question 3

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 3

• Transporting oxygen and nutrients
• Transport white blood cells to areas of infection or viruses
• Removing waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide)
• Regulating blood flow/ blood temperature
• Maintaining blood pressure (heart pumps blood into the arteries and pushes against the artery walls that create blood pressure)
• Exchanging substances between the blood and tissue in microcirculation

Question 4

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 4

Four

Question 5

What are the names of the chambers?

Answer 5

1. Right Atrium
2. Right Ventricle
3. Left Atrium
4. Left Ventricle

Question 6

What is the function of heart valves?

Answer 6

Controls the direction and timing of blood flow through the heart in between the chambers.

Question 7

Explain how the blood flows in the heart?

Answer 7

Blood flow begins at the lungs.

Question 8

What are the types of blood vessels?

Answer 8

1. Arteries carry oxygen- rich blood away from the heart.
2. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart. They have thinner walls for lower pressure and valves to prevent backflow.
3. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste occurs. They are one cell think, allowing for efficient diffusion of the substances.

Question 9

What is the difference between arteries and pulmonary arteries?

Answer 9

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, while pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 10

What is the difference between veins and pulmonary veins?

Answer 10

Veins carry oxygen-poor blood whereas pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood.

Question 11

What are the blood compositions?

Answer 11

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, Plasma, and Glucose.

Question 12

Function of RBCs

Answer 12

Small, round cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Question 13

Function of WBCs

Answer 13

Larger, irregularly shaped cells that are involved in the immune system by attacking pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

Question 14

Function of Platelet

Answer 14

Tiny cell gragments used for blood clotting and stops bleeding. They are sent to the site of injury and stick together to form a clot that stops bleeding.

Question 15

Function of Plasma

Answer 15

The liquid portion of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and proteins to cells and removes waste from cells.

Question 16

Function of Sugar

Answer 16

Sugar enters the blood stream through intestines and is removed by capillaries by diffusion throughout the body. It is the primary source of energy for the body.

Question 17

What is the flow of blood through the heart?

Answer 17

1. Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
2. The blood enters the right atrium
3. Passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
4. The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the left and right pulmonary arteries (blood is carried through the pulmonary trunk before reaching the P arteries)
5. In the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
6. The now oxygen rich blood returns to the heart through pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium.
7. Blood passes through the mitral valve into the right ventricle, which pumps the blood into the aortic valve and into the aorta.
8. The aorta distributes the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Question 18

What is mitral regurgitation?

Answer 18

Condition where the mitral valve does not closes fully, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium.

Question 19

Consequences of Mitral Regurgitation?

Answer 19

Forces the heart to work harder to pump blood to the body, leading to the enlargement of the left ventricle; weakening of the heart muscle -> heart failure.

Question 20

Why is heartbeat felt more strongly on the left side?

Answer 20

The left ventricle is the strongest part of the heart and so the heartbeat is felt more strongly since it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, amassing greater pressure to do so.

Question 21

What is Ventricular Septal Defect?

Answer 21

Condition where there is a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles.

Question 22

How does ventricular septal defect affect blood flow?

Answer 22

Blood flows from the left ventricle to the right due to high pressure in the left ventricle, leading to a mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 23

Consequences of Ventricular Septal Defect

Answer 23

Disrupts circulation causing the heart to work harder to pump blood.

Question 24

Double-loop circulatory system

Answer 24

Where blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated and then returns to the heart before delivering the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Question 25

Why are diagrams of the heart in a specific orientation?

Answer 25

The diagrams are drawn from the position within, and not the actual left and right side of our views.

Question 26

How does the heart make it’s lub and dub sounds?

Answer 26

Produced by the closing of valves during the heartbeat.

Question 27

What does the heart valves (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic) do for blood flow?

Answer 27

Controls flow of blood and prevents backflow.