Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
main process/ purpose of this system?
- body support and protection of internal organs
- contraction and relaxation of the muscles
- locomotion and movement
what is needed in order for movement to take place in humans?
a framework (skeleton) and muscles to attach to bones.
how many bones do we have
206 / babies have 263 they fuse together
why can bones grow
because it is a living tissues
functions of skeleton?
- gives shape to body
- protects organs
- bones produce blood cells
- bones store minerals( calcium & phosphorus)
- enables movement
what are the 2 main parts of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular
Axial consist of? (3)
- skull
- vertebral column
- rib cage
what does appendicular consist of? ( appendicular means hang on)
pectoral girdle - arms
pelvic girdle - legs
what is cartilage and its function?
connective tissue found on joints to reduce friction and acts as a shock absorber. (also found in nose and ears)
function of ligaments?
attaches bone to bone
function of tendon?
attach muscle to bone
what do muscles consist of and it’s functions
consist of Fibres.
functions:
- contract and relax
- movement
- ability to propel
what types of muscles do you get?
- smooth muscle
- skeletal muscle
- cardiac muscle
discuss the skeletal muscle
- responsible for voluntary movement
- attached to skeleton
- has striated, tubular, multinucleated fibres
discuss the cardiac muscle
- found in the heart
- involuntarily contraction of the heart
- had striated, branched, uninucleated fibres
discuss the smooth muscle
- responsible for contraction of internal organs
- involuntary
- has spindle- shaped, non-striated, uninucleated fibres
discuss antagonistic muscles
- work in pairs
- only contact or relax
- when one muscle contacts the other will relax (biceps n triceps, quadriceps n hamstrings)
what causes rickets and what does it result in?
caused by
- lack of vitamin D
- lack of calcium in diet
results in
- soft and weak bones
- stunted bone formation
discuss arthritis
it involves inflammation of your joints. bones grind against eachother which is painful.
swelling and pain in joints.
what else is arthritis known as
Oesteoarthitis and wear and tear arthritis
inflammation caused by over active immune system is?
Rheumatoid arthritis
osteoporosis is?
Loss in bone mass, bones become brittle and break easily. more common in women after menopause & elderly people
what causes osteoporosis
- Lack in calcium or vitamin D
- Smoking
- decrease in physical activity
- high alcohol intake
what treatment for osteoporosis
- increase in weight bearing excercises
- increase in calcium or vitamin D
- medication
what treatment for osteoporosis
- increase in weight bearing excercises
- increase in calcium or vitamin D
- medication
what type of skeleton do humans have? + properties
endoskeleton.
can grow large in size but not all parts are protected and takes long to heal
grasshoppers, crabs, cockroaches have what type of skeleton? + properties
exoskeleton
have a hard outer covering. all tissue is protected but if they want to grow they must first get rid of the shell and this is called moulting
jelly fish, octopus, blue bottles have what type of skeleton ?+ properties
hydrostatic skeleton
fluid filled cavity surrounded by muscles.
they heal quickly and are very light.
