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Biology 2 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

muscle wasting; individuals become immobile and have short lifespan

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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2
Q

this system is essential for movement and provides protection, structure, and support

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

3 types of animal skeleton

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton, Exoskeleton, Endoskeleton

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4
Q

it supports the body and movement even in the absence of bones

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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5
Q

examples of hydrostatic skeleton

A

earthworms , cnidarians

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6
Q

this type of skeleton is unsuitable for activities that need the body to be lifted off the ground

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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7
Q

external covering made of hard hard materials

A

Exoskeleton

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8
Q

composed pf proteins and chitin

A

Arthropods Exoskeleton

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9
Q

rigid and leathery material among soft tissue

A

Endoskeleton

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10
Q

Examples of Endoskeleton

A

humans and echinoderms

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11
Q

this type of skeleton is composed of axial and appendicular skeleton

A

Vertebrate Skeleton

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12
Q

main scaffold of the body to protect delicate internal organs

A

Axial

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13
Q

example of axial skeleton

A

Skull, Vertebral column, rib cage

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14
Q

example of appendicular skeleton

A

limbs ( fins, wings, arms, legs)

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15
Q

consists of bones of appendages and the bones which connect the appendages to the axial skeleton

A

Appendicular

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16
Q

composed of several lining tissues; supplied with nutrients and hormones

A

bones

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17
Q

covers each end of bone to protect it as it glides past another bone

A

cartilage

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18
Q

covers most of the length of the hone which aids in bone restructuring during fracture

A

Soft connective tissue

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19
Q

maintains bone flexibility while the hard minerals enable the bone to withstand tension

A

Collagen

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20
Q

composes bone length

A

Compact Bone

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21
Q

it stores fats

A

Yellow bone marrow

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22
Q

it produces red blood cells

A

Red bone marrow

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23
Q

connective tissue that connects bones and joints

A

Ligaments

24
Q

A type of joint thay dictates bone movement and can do multiple movements like swing, lift, rotate

A

Ball nd socket joints

25
Q

A type of joint that has open and close movement only and cannot rotate

A

Hinge Joints

26
Q

A type of joint that can do rotation movements only

A

Pivot joints

27
Q

examples of ball and socket joints

A

shoulders, hips

28
Q

examples of hinge joints

A

knees, elbow

29
Q

example of pivot joint

A

neck

30
Q

it connects muscle to bones

A

Tendons

31
Q

True or False

for bones to move, muscles attached to them must contract or shorten

A

True

32
Q

usually works in _________ pairs, such as biceps and triceps

A

antagonistic

33
Q

bring food to mouth:

biceps: ______, triceps: _______

A

contract, relax

34
Q

is multinucleated and contains many myofibrils in separate bundles with proteins actin and myosin

A

Muscle Cell

35
Q

what are the proteins in Muscle cell

A

actin and myosin

36
Q

it is composed of sarcomeres arranged in a series

A

myofibrils

37
Q

a basic unit of muscle that can contract; contains thin and thick filaments alternating

A

Sarcomeres

38
Q

this type of molecule makes up thin filaments

A

Actin

39
Q

This type of molecule makes up of thick filaments

A

Myosin

40
Q

Muscle contracts when ____ filaments slide past each other

A

THIN

41
Q

it regulates contraction by sending action potential to synaptic terminal

A

motor neuron

42
Q

released from terminal to the muscle cell which then releases calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Neurotransmitters

43
Q

what does neurotransmitter releases?

A

calcium ions (Ca2^+)

44
Q

this type of ion attaches to the binding sites in sarcomere, which induces myosin to attach to actin that causes muscle contraction

A

(Ca2^+) ions

45
Q

where does Calcium ions attach, which induces myosin to attach to actin?

A

binding sites in sarcomere

46
Q

when do muscle stops contracting?

A

when the motor neuron stops sending action potentials

47
Q

True or False
the heavier the object needed to be lifted, the more motor is needed

A

true

48
Q

correct arrangement of muscle structure from the smallest to the biggest

A

sarcomere -> myofibril -> muscle fiber -> muscle

49
Q

Which skeleton forms the armor of arthropods such as spiders?

A

Exoskeleton

50
Q

A bone contains all the following except

Cartilage, red bone marrow, actin and myosin, blood vessels

A

Actin and myosin

51
Q

Which joint allows the most room for movement?

A

Ball-and-socket joint

52
Q

Describe how muscles move

A

Pairs of muscles work as antagonists

53
Q

Human red blood cell : no nucleus;
Muscle cell : ___________

A

Multi-nucleated

54
Q

Which is true about your sliding filament mechanism?

a. Thin filaments shorten
b. Sarcomere lengthening
c. Thick filaments shorten
d. Z lines expand

A

A

55
Q

Which is not involve in inducing muscle contraction

A

Sodium ions

Biology 2 (5 decks)

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