INTERNAL REGULATION

Question 1

defined as the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

Keeps internal body temperature in a limited range.

Answer 2

THERMOREGULATION

Question 3

animals rely on metabolism for heat generation. (mammals, birds, and a few reptiles)

Answer 3

Endotherms

Question 4

animals absorb heat from the environment. (lizards, amphibians, invertebrates, and fishes)

Answer 4

Ectotherms

Question 5

process in which the molecules are moved from the region of higher temperature to lower temperature.

Answer 5

heat transfer

Question 6

heat absorption directly through physical contact

Answer 6

Conduction

Question 7

heat transfer through liquid or air media

Answer 7

convection

Question 8

heat transfer from the sun

Answer 8

radiation

Question 9

heat lost when liquid turns into vapor

Answer 9

evaporation

Question 10

t or f: organ systems can function alone

Answer 10

false, they rely on each other

Question 11

example of organism with 2 cell layers in their bodies, have all their cells surrouned with fluids

Answer 11

hydra

Question 12

t or f: Large organism need organs with HIGH, THIN, AND MOIST SURFACE AREA (ex. intestines, lungs, blood capillaries)

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Fluid found in the spaces around cells

Answer 13

interstitial fluid

Question 14

Humans have to keep a relatively constant body temp of ____

Answer 14

37 degrees celsius

Question 15

regulation of body temp uses___ to keep it at normal body temp. common way of maintaining homeostasis.

Answer 15

negative feedback mechanism

Question 16

if body temp increases, brain triggers the cooling pathway which dilates the blood vessels and induces ____grands to produce ____
(same answer for both blanks)

Answer 16

Sweat

Question 17

increase in metabolic to generate more heat (shivering)

Answer 17

Metabolic heat production

Question 18

hair or fur, fat layers, and feathers trap heat and lessen heat transfer

Answer 18

Insulation

Question 19

adjusting diameter of blood vessels

Answer 19

Circulatory adaptation

Question 20

blood vessels that carry blood from the body are parallel to those that carry blood from the limbs

Answer 20

Countercurrent exchange

Question 21

Migration, sunbathing, and taking baths.

Answer 21

Behavioral responses

Question 22

the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body.

Answer 22

Osmoregulation

Question 23

animals with similar solute concentrations with their environment (marine animals)

Answer 23

Osmoconformers

Question 24

animals differ in solute concentration with their environment

Answer 24

Osmoregulators

Question 25

the waste products generated as the end products of protein metabolism

Answer 25

Nitrogenous wastes

Question 26

most toxic waste that has to be diluted with plenty of water

Answer 26

ammonia

Question 27

less toxic, can be stored in the body

Answer 27

urea

Question 28

requires the least amount of water since it is excreted in semisolid paste form

Answer 28

uric acid

Question 29

organ system responsible for excreting metabolic wastes and controlling solute and water consentration in the body

Answer 29

urinary system

Question 30

____liters of blood in the circulatory system pass thru the kidney several times since almost ___ liters are processed daily, ____ liters become the filtrate which includes blood water, urea

Answer 30

5, 2000,180

Question 31

the only vascular supply to the kidneys

Answer 31

renal artery

Question 32

blood vessel that carries blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava

Answer 32

renal vein

Question 33

the filtering unit of the kidney,

Answer 33

glomerulus

Question 34

a part of the nephron that forms a cup-like sack surrounding the glomerulus.

Answer 34

Bowman's capsule

Question 35

functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood.

Answer 35

Nephron

Question 36

the outer layer of the kidney

Answer 36

Renal cortex

Question 37

the inner part of the kidney. It consists of cone-shaped renal pyramids that contain the blood vessels and tubular structures of nephrons.

Answer 37

Medulla

Question 38

responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of filtered load and most, if not all, of filtered amino acids, glucose, solutes, and low molecular weight proteins, WHERE THE REABSORPTION OF IMPORTANT SOLUTE OCCURS

Answer 38

proximal tubules

Question 39

long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Answer 39

loop of henle

Question 40

urinary system balance process

Answer 40

filtration- reabsorption-secretion-excretion

Question 41

which animals are endotherms a. frogs b. lizards c. fishes d. birds

Answer 41

D

Question 42

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion: proximal tubule

Answer 42

reabsorption

Question 43

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion: distal tubule

Answer 43

reabsorption, secretion

Question 44

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion: glomerulus

Answer 44

filtration

Question 45

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion: collectin duct

Answer 45

reabsorption, secretion

Question 46

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion: loop of henle

Answer 46

reabsorption

Question 47

why do animals have to maintain body temp in a narrow range?

Answer 47

Metabolic process and molecules are sensitive to extreme temp

Question 48

what will be the direction of water movement if cell has high SOLUTE concentration compared to its environment?

Answer 48

water will enter the cell and the cell will burst

Question 49

adaptation that freshwater fishes use

Answer 49

osmoregulators

Question 50

the organism is terrestrial, its priority is conserve water, this anumal can excrete all nitrogenous wastes EXCEPT

Answer 50

Ammonia