INTERNAL REGULATION Flashcards

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1
Q

defined as the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Keeps internal body temperature in a limited range.

A

THERMOREGULATION

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3
Q

animals rely on metabolism for heat generation. (mammals, birds, and a few reptiles)

A

Endotherms

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4
Q

animals absorb heat from the environment. (lizards, amphibians, invertebrates, and fishes)

A

Ectotherms

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5
Q

process in which the molecules are moved from the region of higher temperature to lower temperature.

A

heat transfer

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6
Q

heat absorption directly through physical contact

A

Conduction

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7
Q

heat transfer through liquid or air media

A

convection

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8
Q

heat transfer from the sun

A

radiation

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9
Q

heat lost when liquid turns into vapor

A

evaporation

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10
Q

t or f: organ systems can function alone

A

false, they rely on each other

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11
Q

example of organism with 2 cell layers in their bodies, have all their cells surrouned with fluids

A

hydra

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12
Q

t or f: Large organism need organs with HIGH, THIN, AND MOIST SURFACE AREA (ex. intestines, lungs, blood capillaries)

A

true

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13
Q

Fluid found in the spaces around cells

A

interstitial fluid

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14
Q

Humans have to keep a relatively constant body temp of ____

A

37 degrees celsius

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15
Q

regulation of body temp uses___ to keep it at normal body temp. common way of maintaining homeostasis.

A

negative feedback mechanism

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16
Q

if body temp increases, brain triggers the cooling pathway which dilates the blood vessels and induces ____grands to produce ____
(same answer for both blanks)

A

Sweat

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17
Q

increase in metabolic to generate more heat (shivering)

A

Metabolic heat production

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18
Q

hair or fur, fat layers, and feathers trap heat and lessen heat transfer

A

Insulation

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19
Q

adjusting diameter of blood vessels

A

Circulatory adaptation

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20
Q

blood vessels that carry blood from the body are parallel to those that carry blood from the limbs

A

Countercurrent exchange

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21
Q

Migration, sunbathing, and taking baths.

A

Behavioral responses

22
Q

the process of maintaining salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body.

A

Osmoregulation

23
Q

animals with similar solute concentrations with their environment (marine animals)

A

Osmoconformers

24
Q

animals differ in solute concentration with their environment

A

Osmoregulators

25
Q

the waste products generated as the end products of protein metabolism

A

Nitrogenous wastes

26
Q

most toxic waste that has to be diluted with plenty of water

A

ammonia

27
Q

less toxic, can be stored in the body

A

urea

28
Q

requires the least amount of water since it is excreted in semisolid paste form

A

uric acid

29
Q

organ system responsible for excreting metabolic wastes and controlling solute and water consentration in the body

A

urinary system

30
Q

____liters of blood in the circulatory system pass thru the kidney several times since almost ___ liters are processed daily, ____ liters become the filtrate which includes blood water, urea

A

5, 2000,180

31
Q

the only vascular supply to the kidneys

A

renal artery

32
Q

blood vessel that carries blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava

A

renal vein

33
Q

the filtering unit of the kidney,

A

glomerulus

34
Q

a part of the nephron that forms a cup-like sack surrounding the glomerulus.

A

Bowman’s capsule

35
Q

functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood.

A

Nephron

36
Q

the outer layer of the kidney

A

Renal cortex

37
Q

the inner part of the kidney. It consists of cone-shaped renal pyramids that contain the blood vessels and tubular structures of nephrons.

A

Medulla

38
Q

responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of filtered load and most, if not all, of filtered amino acids, glucose, solutes, and low molecular weight proteins, WHERE THE REABSORPTION OF IMPORTANT SOLUTE OCCURS

A

proximal tubules

39
Q

long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals.

A

loop of henle

40
Q

urinary system balance process

A

filtration- reabsorption-secretion-excretion

41
Q

which animals are endotherms
a. frogs
b. lizards
c. fishes
d. birds

A

D

42
Q

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion:
proximal tubule

A

reabsorption

43
Q

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion:
distal tubule

A

reabsorption, secretion

44
Q

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion:
glomerulus

A

filtration

45
Q

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion:
collectin duct

A

reabsorption, secretion

46
Q

Excretion, filtration, reabsorption, secretion:
loop of henle

A

reabsorption

47
Q

why do animals have to maintain body temp in a narrow range?

A

Metabolic process and molecules are sensitive to extreme temp

48
Q

what will be the direction of water movement if cell has high SOLUTE concentration compared to its environment?

A

water will enter the cell and the cell will burst

49
Q

adaptation that freshwater fishes use

A

osmoregulators

50
Q

the organism is terrestrial, its priority is conserve water, this anumal can excrete all nitrogenous wastes EXCEPT

A

Ammonia