INTERNAL REGULATION Flashcards
defined as the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.
Homeostasis
Keeps internal body temperature in a limited range.
THERMOREGULATION
animals rely on metabolism for heat generation. (mammals, birds, and a few reptiles)
Endotherms
animals absorb heat from the environment. (lizards, amphibians, invertebrates, and fishes)
Ectotherms
process in which the molecules are moved from the region of higher temperature to lower temperature.
heat transfer
heat absorption directly through physical contact
Conduction
heat transfer through liquid or air media
convection
heat transfer from the sun
radiation
heat lost when liquid turns into vapor
evaporation
t or f: organ systems can function alone
false, they rely on each other
example of organism with 2 cell layers in their bodies, have all their cells surrouned with fluids
hydra
t or f: Large organism need organs with HIGH, THIN, AND MOIST SURFACE AREA (ex. intestines, lungs, blood capillaries)
true
Fluid found in the spaces around cells
interstitial fluid
Humans have to keep a relatively constant body temp of ____
37 degrees celsius
regulation of body temp uses___ to keep it at normal body temp. common way of maintaining homeostasis.
negative feedback mechanism
if body temp increases, brain triggers the cooling pathway which dilates the blood vessels and induces ____grands to produce ____
(same answer for both blanks)
Sweat
increase in metabolic to generate more heat (shivering)
Metabolic heat production
hair or fur, fat layers, and feathers trap heat and lessen heat transfer
Insulation
adjusting diameter of blood vessels
Circulatory adaptation
blood vessels that carry blood from the body are parallel to those that carry blood from the limbs
Countercurrent exchange
