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level 3 anatomy and physiology > musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

name the three anotomical planes

A

frontal, sagittal, transverse

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2
Q

how do the anotomical planes divide the body

A

frontal: anterior and posterior
sagittal: left side and right side of the body
transverse: upper and lower body

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3
Q

what rod like structure is skeletal muscle made up of?

A

muscle fibres

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4
Q

the membrane that covers the whole muscle is called/

A

epimysium

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5
Q

the membrane that covers fasciculi is called?

A

perimysium

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6
Q

the membrane that covers muscle fibre is called?

A

endomysium

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7
Q

Individual muscle fibres are made up of myofibrils which contain the contractile proteins (or myofilaments) needed for force generation. These two myofilaments are?

A

actin and myosin

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8
Q

key structures in a myofibril include?

A
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Sarcolemma
  • Sarcoplasm
  • Troponin and tropomyosin
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9
Q

the muscle fibre that is between fast twitch and slow twitch is called?

A

intermediate

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10
Q

what is the shoulder girdle and what does it do?

A

it is a set of bones, connects the arms to the axial skeleton

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11
Q

where is the glenohumeral joint found?

A

at the shoulder girdle

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12
Q

what segment of the spine consists of body, vertebral foramen, ars and spinous process?

A

cervical

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13
Q

what segment of the spine consists of consists of body, vertebral foramen, lamina, transverse process (2) and spinous process?

A

thoracic

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14
Q

what segment of the spine consists of body, vertebral foramen, lamina, transverse process(2), articular process (2) and spinous process?

A

lumbar

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15
Q

name the segments of the spine and how many vertebrae they have?

A 
cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacrum - 5
cocyx - 3 to 5
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16
Q

at what age is the sacrum and cocyx normally totally fused?

A

30

17
Q

structure of the spine consists of? (6)

A 
vertebral body
intervertebral disc
spinal cord
spinous process
nerve root
pedicle
18
Q

what does DOMS stand for?

A

delayed onset of muscle soreness

19
Q

what 3 ways can DOMS be minimised?

A
  1. reduce unusual muscle activity during training
  2. start exercise programme at low intensity and build up to high
  3. begin training at high intensity and drop intensity as you go
20
Q

after exercise, when does DOMS usually start?

A

24 to 72 hours

21
Q

what is connective tissue?

A

any tissue which supports, binds or protects organs or body parts.

22
Q

what two fibres are the myofascial connective tissue made of?

A

collagen fibres and elastin fibres

23
Q

use one word to describe collagen fibres and one to describe elastin.

A

collagen fibes are tough and elastin fibres are stretchy

24
Q

what key systems directly affect movement?

A

nervous, skeletal and muscular system

25
Q

what factors influence posture (6)?

A 
weight
height
lifestyle
activity habits
degenerative disease
previous injuries
26
Q

how can abdominal obesity cause hyperlordosis?

A

shifts the centre of gravity forward

27
Q

what is kyphosis and lordosis?

A

kyphosis: outward curve of thoracic spine
lordosis: inward curve of lumbar spine

28
Q

explain hyperkyphosis, hypokyphosis, hyperlordosis and hypolordosis

A

Hyperkyphosis – an excessive curve of the thoracic spine
Hypokyphosis – a flattened curve of the thoracic spine
Hyperlordosis – an excessive curve of the lumbar spine, also known as a ‘hollow back’
Hypolordosis – a flattened curve of the lumbar spine

29
Q

tendinopathy is?

A

term for tendon injuries

30
Q

give two examples of tendinopathies.

A

golfer’s and tennis elbow

runner’s knee

31
Q

what is frozen shoulder?

A

pain and limited range of motion of the shoulder

32
Q

Cervicalgia and lumbago is?

A

neck pain and low back pain

33
Q

what is Sciatica?

A

pain from the spine that travels down the leg.

34
Q

Disc herniation is when…

A

an intervertebral disc is compressed

level 3 anatomy and physiology (6 decks)

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