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Clinical Studies > Musculoskeletal Radiography > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in a dog’s body?

A

319 (tail length dependent)

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2
Q

What is the biggest bone in the dog?

A

Femur

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3
Q

What is the smallest bone in the dog?

A

Stapes

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4
Q

From top to bottom, what regions of the bone are these 4 arrows pointing to?

A
  • Epiphysis
  • Growth Plate
  • Metaphysis
  • Diphysis
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5
Q

What two questions should you ask yourself everytime you look at a radiograph?

A
  1. Is this image normal or abnormal?
  2. If it’s abnormal, is this a medical or surgical case?
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6
Q

What are the four radiographic densities of body tissues?

A
  1. Bone: 14
  2. Soft tissue/ fluid: 7
  3. Fat: 6
  4. Gas: 4
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7
Q

What is every line on a radiograph the result of?

A

Two of the four densities interfacing with eachother

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8
Q

What are the four radiographic signs?

A

Abnormal:

  • Size
  • Shape
  • Density
  • Location
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9
Q

How much calcium must leave the bone before it can be detected radiographically?

A

Between 50-70%

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10
Q

What bone would show the first signs of osteoporosis?

A

The mandible

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11
Q

When does the growth plate disappear?

A

At 9-12 months

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12
Q

How large does a lesion have to be before it can be detected radiographically?

A

5mm

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13
Q

What can cause bone disease?

A
  • Trauma (acute or chronic)
  • Infection ( bacterial, fungal)
  • Neoplasia ( Primary bone tumours, metastatic)
  • Metabolic ( Hyperparathyroidism, HOD, HO)
  • Degenerative (DJD, osteoarthritis)
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14
Q

How does bone respond to disease?

A
  1. Periosteal Proliferation
  2. Lysis
  3. Periosteal proliferation + lysis
  4. Does nothing
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15
Q

How long does it take for bone lysis to begin?

A

6 days

  • macrophages come in and begin cleaning up the bone
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16
Q

How long does it take for periosteal proliferation to begin?

A

10-14 days

17
Q

What are the three kinds of bone lesions you can have?

A
  1. Aggressive
  2. Non-aggressive
  3. Degenerative
18
Q
A
19
Q

What are the radiographic signs of Bacterial Osteomyelitis?

A
  1. Cortical Lysis
  2. Periosteal Proliferation
  3. Increased intramedullary swelling
  4. Soft tissue swelling
    e. g. Discospondylitis
20
Q

What are the radiographic signs of Fungal Osteomyelitis?

A
  1. Cortical Lysis
  2. Periosteal Proliferation
  3. Increased intramedullary swelling
  4. Soft tissue swelling
21
Q

What are the radiographic signs of a primary bone tumour?

A
  1. Cortical Lysis
  2. Periosteal Proliferation
  3. Increased intramedullary swelling
  4. Soft tissue swelling
22
Q

In what animals do you tend to see primary bone tumours?

A
  • Big breeds
  • Older/ geriatric animals
  • One bone

- Doesn’t cross joint space

  • “away from the elbow, toward the knee”
23
Q

In what animals do you tend to see Bacterial osteomyelitis?

A
  • Any breed
  • Any age
  • Open wound
  • Multiple bones
  • Will cross joint
  • Septicaemia in young dogs
24
Q

In what animals do you tend to see Fungal osteomyelitis?

A
  • young and old
  • Endemic areas
  • Multiple bones
  • May cross joint
  • Coccidiodiomycosis, Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis
25
Q

What is considered bone trauma?

A
  • Fractures and dislocations

= Lameness and soft tissue swelling

26
Q

What is osteochondrosis?

A

Any disease that prevents the process of bone growth

  • A pediatric Orthopedic Disease
27
Q

What are some examples of Pediatric Orthopedic diseases?

A
  • Osteochondrosis
  • Ununited anconeal process
  • Fragmented coronoid process
  • Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)
  • Panosteitis
  • Hip dysplasia
  • Ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head
28
Q

What are some different types of arthritis?

A
  • DJD
  • Septic
  • Immune mediated erosive
  • Rheumatoid
  • Immune mediated non-erosive
  • Lupus
  • Rickettsiae

Clinical Studies (19 decks)

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