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PED- TEST 3 > Musculoskeletal Practice Questions > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle (AF) typically close in infants?**
a) 2-3 months
b) 4-6 months
c) 9-12 months
d) By 18 months

A

Correct Answer: d) By 18 months

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2
Q

Which type of fracture is commonly associated with the thicker periosteum and elasticity found in children’s bones?*
a) Comminuted fracture
b) Greenstick fracture
c) Compound fracture
d) Transverse fracture

A

*Correct Answer: b) Greenstick fracture

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3
Q

What is the term used to describe the abnormal inward bending of a limb toward the body’s midline?**
a) Valgus
b) Adduction
c) Varus
d) Abduction

A

Correct Answer: c) Varus*

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4
Q

By what age do muscles reach maximum diameter in girls?**
a) 8 years
b) 10 years
c) 12 years
d) 14 years

A

Correct Answer: b) 10 years

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following assessments is important when evaluating a child’s joints?
    a) Muscle tone
    b) Symmetry of movements
    c) Recent dietary habits
    d) Eye-hand coordination
A

Correct Answer: b) Symmetry of movements*

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5
Q

What characterizes a strain injury?**
a) Tearing of ligaments
b) Rupture of cartilage
c) Injury of muscle or tendon
d) Inflammation of the bone

A

Correct Answer: c) Injury of muscle or tendon*

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6
Q

What occurs when a tendon grows in length during a child’s development?**
a) The bone becomes more brittle
b) The muscle decreases in diameter
c) Ligaments become weaker
d) Bones grow through the lengthening of tendons

A

Correct Answer: d) Tendons grow in length

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7
Q

What skeletal maturity milestone is typically reached by the age of 20?**
a) Skull reaches adult size
b) Closure of all fontanelles
c) Complete ossification
d) Skeletal maturation is complete

A

Correct Answer: d) Skeletal maturation is complete

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8
Q

What term describes movement away from the midline of the body?**
a) Adduction
b) Abduction
c) Valgus
d) Varus

A

Correct Answer: b) Abduction

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9
Q

During assessment, what might crepitus indicate in a child’s joint?**
a) Muscle inflammation
b) Cartilage erosion
c) Smooth joint function
d) Bone growth

A

Correct Answer: b) Cartilage erosion

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10
Q

What is the most common foot abnormality seen in newborns?**
a) Flatfoot
b) Metatarsus adductus
c) Clubfoot
d) Talipes planus

A

Correct Answer: b) Metatarsus adductus*

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11
Q

What is the typical cause of metatarsus adductus in infants?**
a) Genetic mutation
b) Nutritional deficiency
c) In utero positioning
d) Birth trauma

A

Correct Answer: c) In utero positioning*

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12
Q

What is the primary treatment for mild metatarsus adductus?**
a) Surgical correction
b) Passive range of motion (ROM) exercises
c) Antihypertensive medication
d) Electrical stimulation therapy

A

Correct Answer: b) Passive range of motion (ROM) exercises

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13
Q
  1. Clubfoot, also known as Talipes Equinovarus, occurs more frequently in which gender?
    a) Boys
    b) Girls
    c) Equally in boys and girls
    d) More data is needed
A

Correct Answer: a) Boys*

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14
Q

*Clubfoot is genetically predisposed and is associated with which condition?**
a) Down syndrome
b) Spina bifida
c) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
d) Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Correct Answer: c) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)*

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15
Q

After initial casting for clubfoot, which additional procedure might be necessary to achieve full correction?**
a) Leg-lengthening surgery
b) Knee arthroscopy
c) Achilles tenotomy
d) Subtalar fusion

A

Correct Answer: c) Achilles tenotomy*

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16
Q

*Which treatment is most commonly used for correcting clubfoot, involving manipulation and casting?**
a) Ilizarov procedure
b) Spica casting
c) Ponseti casting
d) Stretch-and-inflate casting

A

Correct Answer: c) Ponseti casting*

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17
Q

*In severe cases of clubfoot, what is one potential long-term complication if correction is not successful?**
a) Complete immobility of the foot
b) Development of arthritis
c) Increased incidence of fractures
d) Rapid bone growth

A

Correct Answer: b) Development of arthritis*

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18
Q

How often is a cast typically changed when using Ponseti casting for clubfoot correction?**
a) Every 6 months
b) Every 3-4 days
c) Every 1-2 weeks
d) Every month

A

Correct Answer: c) Every 1-2 weeks

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19
Q

What is a common nursing intervention for infants with metatarsus adductus?**
a) Electrical stimulation
b) Cast care and education
c) Bed rest
d) Vitamin D supplementation

A

Correct Answer: b) Cast care and education*

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20
Q

What is the common age range by which bow legs (genu varum) typically resolve in children?**
a) 6 months to 1 year
b) 1 to 2 years
c) 2 to 3 years
d) 4 to 5 years

A

Correct Answer: c) 2 to 3 years*

21
Q

A persistent abnormality of bow legs beyond the typical age range may indicate which condition?**
a) Osteoporosis
b) Rickets
c) Scoliosis
d) Achondroplasia

A

Correct Answer: b) Rickets*

22
Q

What is the recommended treatment for severe cases of bow legs that do not resolve?**
a) Vitamin supplementation
b) Physical therapy exercises
c) Night braces and surgery
d) Radiation therapy

A

Correct Answer: c) Night braces and surgery*

23
Q

At what age do knock knees (genu valgum) typically become noticeable in children?**
a) 6 months
b) 12 months
c) 2 to 3 years
d) 5 to 6 years

A

Correct Answer: c) 2 to 3 years

24
Q

Which hip condition is common in newborns and more frequent in females, often detected through the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers?**
a) Genu valgum
b) Femoral anteversion
c) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
d) Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Correct Answer: c) Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

25
Q
  1. **What is the purpose of the Pavlik harness in treating developmental dysplasia of the hip?*
    a) Increase leg length
    b) Provide hip flexion and extension
    c) Keep hips in an abducted position
    d) Correct a splayed foot position
A

Correct Answer: c) Keep hips in an abducted position

26
Q

Which side of the hip is more commonly affected in developmental dysplasia due to prenatal positioning?**
a) Right hip
b) Left hip
c) Both sides equally
d) Varies depending on delivery mode

A

Correct Answer: b) Left hip*

27
Q

For which conditions is the Pavlik harness contraindicated due to major muscle imbalances?**
a) Cerebral palsy
b) Spina bifida and arthrogryposis
c) Down syndrome
d) Kawasaki disease

A

Correct Answer: b) Spina bifida and arthrogryposis

28
Q

Which position should the hips be kept in with the use of a Pavlik harness to ensure effective treatment?**
a) Extended and internally rotated
b) Flexed and adducted
c) Flexed and abducted
d) Extended and abducted

A

Correct Answer: c) Flexed and abducted

29
Q

What is a positive Trendelenberg sign indicative of in musculoskeletal examination?**
a) Spinal curvature disorder
b) Anomaly of the knee joint
c) Abnormal downward tilt of the pelvis when bearing weight
d) Reduced range of ankle motion

A

Correct Answer: c) Abnormal downward tilt of the pelvis when bearing weight*

30
Q

In cases of DDH that do not respond to a Pavlik harness, what is the next step in treatment for children older than 6 months?**
a) Physical therapy
b) Spica cast
c) Surgical intervention
d) Nighttime bracing

A

Correct Answer: b) Spica cast*

31
Q

Which of the following is a potential complication of excessive abduction in DDH treatment?**
a) Hypoplasia of the acetabulum
b) Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
c) Scoliosis
d) Dislocation of the patella

A

Correct Answer: b) Avascular necrosis of the femoral head*

32
Q

When caring for a child in a spica cast, what should parents be instructed to do to avoid damaging the cast?**
a) Elevate the cast only when necessary
b) Use heat lamps to dry the cast
c) Use the palms of their hands to handle the cast until it dries
d) Submerge the cast in water for cleaning

A

Correct Answer: c) Use the palms of their hands to handle the cast until it dries*

33
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease**

Which demographic is most commonly affected by Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
a) Females under 5 years
b) Males aged 2-12 years
c) Adolescents aged 15-19 years
d) Newborns to 1 year of age

A

Correct Answer: b) Males aged 2-12 years*

34
Q

What is the primary management goal for a patient with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?**
a) Encourage spontaneous recovery without intervention
b) Ensure the femoral head remains in the socket until ossification is complete
c) Immediate surgical intervention
d) Limit activity to prevent exacerbation of symptoms

A

Correct Answer: b) Ensure the femoral head remains in the socket until ossification is complete*

35
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)**

  1. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis most commonly occurs in which type of patient?
    a) Adolescent, obese males
    b) Prepubescent athletic females
    c) Infants with developmental delays
    d) Elderly individuals with osteoporosis
A

Correct Answer: a) Adolescent, obese males

36
Q
  1. Which diagnostic view is recommended to assess SCFE?
    a) AP hip x-ray view
    b) Sunrise knee x-ray view
    c) Lateral hip/femur radiograph with frog leg position
    d) Axial ankle x-ray view
A

Correct Answer: c) Lateral hip/femur radiograph with frog leg position*

37
Q

What is the primary treatment step for a child diagnosed with SCFE?**
a) Prescribing NSAIDs and rest
b) Arthroscopic surgery
c) Referral to an orthopedic surgeon for intervention
d) Immobilization with a full body cast

A

Correct Answer: c) Referral to an orthopedic surgeon for intervention*

38
Q

*A child with SCFE presents with hip pain and limps, with pain that may be referred where?**
a) The back
b) The medial side of the knee or thigh
c) The heel
d) The shoulder

A

Correct Answer: b) The medial side of the knee or thigh*

39
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)**

  1. What is a common early sign of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in young boys?
    a) Hyperactivity
    b) Chronic cough
    c) Gower’s sign
    d) Excessive growth
A

Correct Answer: c) Gower’s sign

40
Q

Which lab test is often elevated in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?**
a) White blood cell count
b) Serum creatine kinase (CK) level
c) Blood glucose
d) Cholesterol level

A

Correct Answer: b) Serum creatine kinase (CK) level

41
Q

*Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is inherited in which pattern?**
a) Autosomal dominant
b) Autosomal recessive
c) X-linked recessive
d) Mitochondrial

A

Correct Answer: c) X-linked recessive

42
Q

uvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) / Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)**

  1. What is the most common type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
    a) Oligoarticular
    b) Polyarticular
    c) Systemic
    d) Enthesitis-related
A

Correct Answer: a) Oligoarticular*

43
Q

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for juvenile idiopathic arthritis?**
a) Fever lasting for one week
b) Arthritis in one or more joints for at least 6 weeks
c) Osteopenia on x-ray
d) Positive rheumatic fever titer

A

Correct Answer: b) Arthritis in one or more joints for at least 6 weeks*

44
Q

Which medication is commonly first-line in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?**
a) Methotrexate
b) Prednisone
c) NSAIDs
d) Hydroxychloroquine

A

Correct Answer: c) NSAIDs

45
Q

Scoliosis**

  1. What degree of spinal curvature is generally used as a threshold for diagnosing scoliosis?
    a) 5 degrees
    b) 10 degrees
    c) 15 degrees
    d) 20 degrees
A

Correct Answer: b) 10 degrees

46
Q

*At what age is scoliosis screening commonly performed in children?**
a) Preschool
b) Early elementary
c) Late elementary to early adolescence
d) Late adolescence

A

Correct Answer: c) Late elementary to early adolescence*

47
Q

What is the most common treatment for mild scoliosis in children?**
a) Surgery
b) Physical therapy
c) Observation and regular monitoring
d) Casting

A

Correct Answer: c) Observation and regular monitoring

48
Q

*In pediatric patients, which type of fracture involves the breaking of the bone with a bend only on one side?**
a) Comminuted fracture
b) Compound fracture
c) Greenstick fracture
d) Spiral fracture

A

Correct Answer: c) Greenstick fracture*

49
Q

Which factor is the most critical to evaluate initially in a child with suspected fracture?**
a) School performance
b) Neurovascular status of the affected limb
c) Past medical history
d) Nutritional status

A

Correct Answer: b) Neurovascular status of the affected limb

50
Q

*What is the typical recommended management for a simple, non-displaced fracture in a child?**
a) Immediate surgical intervention
b) Closed reduction and immobilization
c) Physical therapy only
d) Over-the-counter pain medications

A

Correct Answer: b) Closed reduction and immobilization*

PED- TEST 3 (22 decks)

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