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PD Block 3 > Musculoskeletal Exam > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone attachment

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2
Q

Tendon

A

Muscle to bone attachment

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3
Q

Flexion

A

The action of bending, decreasing (or moving) closer to the joint

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4
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from midline

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5
Q

Extension

A

Increases the angle of the joint

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6
Q

Adduction

A

Moving towards midline

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7
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extending past the normal joint angle

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8
Q

Internal rotation

A

Medial rotation, rotation towards the center of the body

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9
Q

Rotation

A

Rotating around an axis or center

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10
Q

External rotation

A

Lateral rotation, turning outwardly or away from midline

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11
Q

Lateral bending

A

Bending side to side, feet flat on floor for lower back (can do lateral bending with the c-spine)

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12
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward of the limb, usually has to do with the foot

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13
Q

Supination

A

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing up

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14
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward of a limb, usually in relation to the foot

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15
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing down

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16
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending forward of the foot. Basically the toes are pointing down (rotation at the ankle)

17
Q

Radial deviation

A

Moving the thumb side of hand in toward the middle of the body, only movement comes at the wrist

18
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Pulling the foot upward toward the shin. Rotation is at the ankle joint)

19
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Moving the pinky side of hand out from midline. Only movement comes from the wrist

20
Q

Myopathy

A

Disease of muscle tissue

21
Q

Neuropathy

A

Disease or dysfunction of peripheral nerves. Can cause numbness or weakness

22
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

Simultaneous malfunction or disease in many peripheral nerves. Usually occurs in the same areas on both sides and starts in hands and feet, moves to arms and legs. (ex: Diabetes, Guillian Barre syndrome)

23
Q

Fracture

A

Cracking or breaking of a bone

24
Q

Sprain

A

Stretch or tear of a ligament. Most common in ankles

25
Q

Strain

A

Stretching or pulling of a muscle or tendon to an extreme or damaging degree

26
Q

Dislocation

A

Normal position of a joint is disturbed (two bones move in abnormal ways causing disruption of the joint)

27
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation, or displacement from normal

28
Q

Why would you examine additional body systems with musculoskeletal complaint

A

If an affected limb is not moving properly it may be due to some sort of neuropathy

29
Q

Piece of equipment needed for musculoskeletal exam

A

Goniometer

30
Q

Grading system for muscle strength

A

On a scale of 0-5. (1/5,2/5 etc)

0: No firing of muscle fibers at all
1: No movement, slight contractions
2: Movement when gravity is eliminated
3: Movement against gravity only
4: Slightly decreased muscle function (moves against gravity and some resistance, not great strength)
5: Normal strength

31
Q

Why would you examine a joint above and below area of complaint

A
  1. Complaint may be a referred pain issue from inflammation or injury of a joint
  2. Could be referred pain from an organ (i.e. cholecystitis)
32
Q

Why do you assess contralateral side

A
  1. Assess for symmetry
  2. Assess for similar muscle strength
  3. Unaffected side can give you a baseline for the affected side
33
Q

AROM

A

Range of motion through which a patient can actively move without assistance

34
Q

Why do you measure AROM first

A

Determining the limitations of the pt prior to any manipulation

35
Q

PROM

A

Passive range of motion. The moving of a joint and range of motion without exertion of the patient. Movement is done by provider

36
Q

When is PROM evaluated

A

Should happen after AROM

37
Q

How many degrees does PROM exceed AROM

A

5 degrees

PD Block 3 (10 decks)

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