Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Conditions Block 2 > Musculoskeletal Diseases > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Diseases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Lameness clinical sign

A

Can be nerve or muscukoskeletal
Look at which leg there is more weight on
Watch if there is trouble with stairs, jumping, getting up and down
Sore to touch? Swollen?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscle atrophy

A

More slow compared to nerve damage
Using muscle less
Cat leg in splinter/cast
Dog post acl surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of swelling

A 
Hematoma 
Cellulitis 
Bursitis 
Inflammation 
Edema 
Tumors 
Abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematoma

A

Collection of blood under skin

After blood collection, trauma, bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse infection under skin

Overall swelling, may crackle/have air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bursitis

A 
Inflammation of Bursa 
Small fluid containing sacs near joint 
Pain, limits movement 
Trauma/bone injury/infection/swollen joints 
Rest, steroids, NSAIDs, antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inflammation

A

Muscle, joint, bone and soft tissue
Infection, trauma, immune mediated
Swelling over inflamed region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Edema

A

Fluid in tissues
Heart failure, lymphatic drainage
Tumor, inflammation, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tumors

A

Soft tissue, bone
X-ray to confirm
Benign or cancerous
Metastatic in lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abscess

A

Localized infection under skin
Cat bites, FB, trauma
Burst, puss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deformities

A 
Fractures and dislocation 
Congenital malformation 
Improper old injury healing? 
Some breeds have curved legs (bow legged) 
Basset hounds, beagles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fractures

A 
Leg twisted at odd angle 
Leg feels loose and limp past fracture 
Pain, not using leg 
Small (green stick) 
Comminuted (shattered) 
Multiple fracture 
Trauma, bone deformity, weak bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dislocations

A 
Knee, hip, elbow, shoulder 
Vertebrae, tail 
Unable to use when joint unstable 
Trauma 
Hip/elbow dysplasia increases risk of dislocation 
Medically pop back in with GA 
Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patella dislocation

A

Dogs may kick out and pop back in
Congenital/hereditary
Deepen groove to reduce ability to pop out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Collapse/weakness

A

Pain, difficulty getting up, stiff/sore legs
Non specific
Muscle and neurological problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammation

A

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function,

Discharge if infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does carrying leg or weight bearing create worse problems

A

Carrying leg
Needs to be seen asap
Want to avoid incorrect healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Weight barring treatment

A

Rest and anti inflammatory

Pet should still be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bruising and hematoma

A

Check skin for wounds and scabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does limping always mean pain

A

No

Can mean joint fusion, previous injury, short leg congenital defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lameness exam

A

Watch dog running outside
Palpation
Flexion tests
Walk/jog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Flexion test

A

Extend and flex limbs and watch for pain

Do in lateral recumbency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Palpation

A

Feel each limb
Look for swelling and pain
Watch for biting (use muzzle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cranial drawer

A

Best to do under sedation and anesthetic

Feel forward motion of tibia in relation to femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Radiography

A

Painful, hips require sedation
Bones, joints (arthritis)
Do not see tendons or ligaments or soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Problems with radiography

A

Don’t over extend

Could fracture weak bone tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What to do if you suspect cancer

A

Do chest X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ultrasound

A

Tendons and soft tissue

29
Q

MRI and CT

A

Joints and spine
Expensive
MRI best for soft tissue
Need GA

30
Q

Bone scans

A

Bone Tumor
Bone scintigraphy
Tracer given IV
Pictures taken at various points
Distribution of tracers dependent on rate of bone turnover and blood flow
Normal values take up tracer - determines metabolism, pinpoints, abnormal bones

31
Q

Nerve block

A

Place local anesthetic in area
See if lameness foes away
Horses

32
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Larger joints - knee
Visulazes, diagnoses , treats intra articular (inside a joint problem)
Diagnose and perform surgery to fix at some time
Hip, shoulder, knee, acl repair

33
Q

Joint tap

A

Do cytology or C&S of synovial fluid (arthrocentesis)
Blood test - CBC
Chem panel - autoimmune disease, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia,

34
Q

Hypoglycemia and joint taps

A

Reason for weakness (lack of nutrients/energy)

35
Q

Hypocalcemia and joint taps

A

Calcium deficiency can cause tremor, seize, disorientation

36
Q

Urinalysis

A

Kidney function
Infection
Inflammation
Crystals and toxins

37
Q

Genetic testing for inherited diseases

A

Muscular dystrophy - nerves to muscles damaged
Neuropathies- lose sensation of motor function
Degenerative myelpathy - progressive weakness and paralysis of legs

38
Q

NSAIDS

A 
Anti inflammatory (non steroidal) 
Most common pain med for muscukoskeletal
39
Q

Steroids

A

Anti inflammatory
Prednisone
PU/PD don’t restrict water

40
Q

Tylenol

A

Acetaminophen
Toxic to cats
Just pain but may combine with NSAID

41
Q

Narcotics

A

Severe pain

Buprenorphine

42
Q

Acupuncture

A

Skeletal and nerve problems
Needle stimulates nerves and muscles
Release natural opioid
Stimulates electrical signaling

43
Q

Surgery

A

Fracture and location repairs
Tendon and ligament repairs
Tumors benign or cancerous

44
Q

Ways to fix fracture

A

Bone plates
Pins
External fixators
Wires

45
Q

Luxation surgery

A 
Knee, hip, elbow, shoulder 
Closed reduction (pop back in) 
If long period, open surgery
46
Q

Ligament surgery

A

CCL and ACL

Partial and incomplete amputation - any leg

47
Q

Physiotherapy

A

Builds strength and improves mobility

48
Q

Chiropractic

A

Increases range of motion

49
Q

Massage

A

Relaxes muscle
Stimulates blood flow
Reduces pain

50
Q

Splints/casts/bandages

A 
Vet or vet tech 
Non surgical repair of fractures 
Soft tissue injuries 
Restrict mobility to allow healing 
Need to build up muscle after
51
Q

Splint/bandage/cast homecare

A

Not too tight, keep dry
Watch for pain/swelling/lack of use
No licking of chewing

52
Q

Rest and time after surgery

A

Being too active can cause relapse
Strict rest, low activity
Eventually physiotherapy and slow exercise r ecco mended
Use kennels and exercise pens

53
Q

Stains/sprains

A

Stretching and minor tears of ligaments /tendons / muscles

54
Q

Rupture of Achilles tendon

A

Causes dropped hock

55
Q

Dislocations(locations)

A

Joint out of place
Anesthetic
Radiographs
Potential surgery

56
Q

Fracture

A

Emergency

External or internal fixation

57
Q

Stifle injuries

A

Cruciate or collateral ligament repair

Dogs

58
Q

Infections

A

Osteomyelitis
Caused by trauma
Exposed bone, hard to treat
Cut out infected bone, antibiotics

59
Q

Hip dysplasia

A 
Hereditary 
Causes hind leg lameness in large dogs 
Severe osteoarthritis 
Radiography 
Head of femur deformed, acetabellum shallow
60
Q

Polydactyl

A

Predisposed to arthritis

61
Q

Luxating patellas

A

Hereditary
Causes sporadic lameness
Patella slips out of groove of femur

62
Q

Legg perthes

A

Destruction of hip joint

Necrosis of femoral head

63
Q

Elbow dysplasia

A

Hereditary
Forelimb lameness
Elbow turns out

64
Q

Osteochondrosis

A

Defect in cartilage of joint

Shoulder and elbow joints

65
Q

Panosteitis

A

Inflammation of bone

Leg lameness

66
Q

Myopathies

A

Muscle disease cats

67
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Wear and tear arthritis
Weight loss
NSAIDs

68
Q

Immune mediated arthritis

A

Body attacks own joints

Steroids

69
Q

Infectious arthritis

A

Infectious agent in joint
Joint flushes
Antibiotics

Medical Conditions Block 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions