Musculoskeletal Basic

Question 1

What are the physiological Functions of the Musculoskeletal System

Answer 1

1. Hematopoiesis - red bone marrow found in trabecular bone provides site for formation of red blood cells
2. Mineral Storage - skeleton is a mineral bank where 99% of calcium is stored

Question 2

What are the mechanical functions of the musculoskeletal System

Answer 2

3. Protection
4. Support and Motion

Question 3

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton are there?

Answer 3

126

Question 4

How many bones in the axial skeleton are there?

Answer 4

80

Question 5

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 5

1. Cortical (compact)
2. Trabecular (spongy)

Question 6

Where are the locations of each type of bone?

Answer 6

Cortical is located at the
- shaft
- outer covering of most bones
Trabecular is located at the
- Ends of long bones
- interior of others vertebrae

Question 7

What are the functions of each type of bone?

Answer 7

Cortical’s functions are
- Protection
- Carry and transmit load
Trabecular’s functions are
- Protection
- carry and transmit load
- transfer load away from joint to cortical bone

Question 8

What are the structure of each type of bone?

Answer 8

Cortical’s structure is
- dense, stacked in layers (lamellae) like composites!
Trabecular’s layers is
- porous
- comprised of tiny struts (trabeculae)

Question 9

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 9

• Transmit loads between articulating bones
• Bearing surface with low friction

Question 10

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons

Answer 10

Tendons
- connect muscle to bone
- transmit muscle loads
- parallel linear loading of fibers
Ligaments
- connects bone to bone
- stabilize joints
- nearly parallel fibers but experience different types of loading

Question 11

What are the three axis?

Answer 11

1. Craniocaudal axis
2. Left-right axis
3. Anterior (front) - Posterior (back) axis

Question 12

What are the three planes?

Answer 12

1. Frontal/Coronal plane
2. Transverse plane
3. Sagittal plane

Question 13

Muscles are broken down into

Answer 13

Muscle -> fascicle -> muscle fiber -> myofibril -> sarcomere

Question 14

What are the three types of Muscle Tissues and list one function for each?

Answer 14

1. Cardiac - pumping of heart
2. Smooth Visceral - maintains blood pressure and flow rate
3. Skeletal - actuators of musculoskeletal system

Question 15

What are the three joints?

Answer 15

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 16

What are the six types of synovial joints

Answer 16

1. Plane (gliding) - clavicle and scapula
2. Saddle - wrist to finger
3. Hinge - knee
4. Pivot - atlas vertebrae
5. Ball and socket - hip joint
6. Ellipsoid - wrist