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Basic Anatomy + Physiology > Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders major causes of?

A

chronic pain and physical handicap

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2
Q

What are the most important risk factors for rheumatic diseases?

A

age and sex

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3
Q

What is useful prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders?

A

physical therapy, plays an important role in rehabilitation and pain management

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4
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

bacterial infection of the bone and bone marrow

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5
Q

What causes osteomyelitis?

A

pyogenic bacteria
may be:
blood borne, extension of a nearby infectious focus, or contamination of a compound bone fracture

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6
Q

What is a bone fracture?

A

traumatic injury to bone in which the continuity if the tissue is broken

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7
Q

What are the stages of bone fracture healing?

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Acute inflammation
  3. Procallus formation (granulation tissue)
  4. Callus formation and development
  5. Remodelling of bone
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8
Q

Define osteoperosis

A

generalized progressive diminution in bone tissue mass per unit volume

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9
Q

What does osteoporosis result in?

A

skeletal weakness

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10
Q

What is the clinical manifestation(s) of osteoporosis ?

A

bone fractures

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11
Q

Describe primary osteoporosis

A
  • idiopathic
  • bone loss is due to, in some degree, to normal process of aging
  • accounts for more that 95% of all cases of osteoporosis
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12
Q

Describe secondary osteoporosis

A
  • is due to something

- accounts for less than 5% of osteoporosis cases

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13
Q

What could be a cause of secondary osteoporosis?

A
  • prolonged administration of prednisone
  • diabetes
  • inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin C
  • malabsorption syndrome
  • prolonged immobilization
  • anticoagulants
  • anticonvulsants
  • some tumors
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14
Q

Describe postmenopausal osteoporosis

A
  • occurs between ages of 51-75
  • 6 times more common in females
  • probably from postmenopausal hormonal changes
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15
Q

Describe senile osteoporosis

A
  • mainly in those ages 70+
  • 2 times more common in females
  • more gradual
  • age related
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16
Q

What is usually the first symptom of a bone tumour? Why?

A

pain

due to pressure exerted by tumour on the rigid bone

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17
Q

What are the most common symptoms of osteosarcoma?

A

pain and a mass

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18
Q

Where are about half of the lesions found in osteosarcoma found?

A

knee region

19
Q

Describe osteosarcoma

A
  • highly malignant
  • after myeloma is the most common primary bone tumour in humans
  • can occur at any age, but most common 10-20y/o
20
Q

Describe myeloma

A

osteolytic neoplasm of bone marrow (eats/dissolves bone)

21
Q

Describe Multiple Myeloma (MM)

A
  • When myeloma is multicentric
  • produces punched out lesions in those bones where red-marrow is found
  • widespread involvement of the skeleton can produce hypercalcemia
  • is radiosensitive, local lesions are curable
  • predominantly in ages 40+
22
Q

Where are MM lesions found?

A 
-in bones that contain red bone marrow:
skull
ribs
vertebrae
pelvic bones
23
Q

What are common symptoms of MM?

A

intense pain

spontaneous fractures

24
Q

How is MM diagnosed?

A
  • 80% of cases the tumour produces a large amount of an immunoglobulin called myeloma protein that can be found in a blood test
  • 20% produce a peptide called Brice Jones protein, only recognized in urine
25
Q

Define osteoarthritis (OA)

A

disorder of the hyaline cartilage

+ subchrondal bone

26
Q

What type of disease is OA?

A

degenerative

27
Q

What is OA commonly known as? What is it sometimes referred to as?

A

arthritis

osteoarthrosis

28
Q

What is the most common form of articular disorders?

A

osteoarthritis (OA)

29
Q

True or false: almost all people by the age of 35 has some pathologic changes in weight bearing joints

A

False: almost all people by the age of 40 has some pathologic changes in weight bearing joints

30
Q

What sex does OA affect more?

A

affects men and women equally

earlier onset in men

31
Q

True or false: OA is a systemic disease and life is shortened

A

False: OA is NOT a systemic disease and life is NOT shortened

32
Q

What is the most common symptom of OA?

A

pain, relieved by rest

33
Q

How long does stiffness last with OA?

A

15-20 min, then disappears

34
Q

joint movement with OA is often associated w/ ___________.

A

crepitus

35
Q

Do people with OA need to take muscle relaxants?

A

sometimes. muscle spasms and contractures tend to develop

36
Q

A systemic disease that involves other organs than bones that you can die from:

a. OA
b. RA

A

RA

37
Q

What sex + age does rheumatoid arthritis affect?

A
  • chronic syndrome that occurs most frequently in young women
  • women affected 3-4x more than men
  • onset any age, most common 25-50
38
Q

What does RA affect?

A

small joints in the hand and foot are most severely affected

39
Q

What causes RA?

A

idiopathic

assumed to be autoimmune inflammation

40
Q

Define Spondylitis (anykylosing spondytis)

A

-a rheumatic disorder characterized primarily inflammation of the axial skeleton and large peripheral joints

41
Q

What age + sex does spondylitis affect?

A
  • 3x more frequent in men

- most often between ages 20-40

42
Q

What happens when someone has spondylitis?

A
  • there is a bony ankylosis of affected joint
  • vertebral column converts into a rigid bony mass
  • ligaments undergo ossification
43
Q

what is spondylitis known as?

A

bamboo spine

Basic Anatomy + Physiology (5 decks)

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