musculoskeletal Flashcards by olivia mcnamara

cartilage

chondr/o

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levels or organization

organism
system
organs
tissue
cell

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organs

viscer/o

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comprised of specialized tissue

organs

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tissue

hist/o, histi/o

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smallest unit of life; basic building block

cell

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cell

cyt/o

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nucleus

kary/o, nucle/o

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contents of the main fluid-filled space inside cells; carries on work of cells including chemical reaction

cytoplasm

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controlling structure

nucleus

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separates cell from external environment and protect cell

cell membranes

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provides support and shape to the body through bones and cartilage

skeleton

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cover bones and supply the force needed to make movement possible; produce body heat

muscles

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bones of shoulder, pelvis, upper and inner extremities

appendicular skeleton

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bones of skull, vertebrae, chest

axial skeleton

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connective tissue comprised of osteocytes

bone

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dense, closely packed osteocytes

compact bone

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mesh like, contains marrow, blood vessels

spongy bone

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portion of bone that grows during childhood

metaphysis

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joint

articulation

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ends of long bones

epiphysis

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protective tissue around bone; tough and contains blood vessels and nerves

periosteum

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middle of bone; includes red bone marrow, yellow bone marrow, and bone marrow

medullary cavity

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muscle to bone; tough CT on each side of joint

tendons

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tendon

ten/o, tend/o

bone to bone; tough elastic bands of CT

ligaments

protects bone; helps reduce friction during movement of a joint

cartilage

fluid-filled sacs between bones, ligaments, or other adjacent structures help cushion friction in joint

bursa

clear, sticky fluid secreted by synovial membrane

synovial fluid

curved part of cartilage in knees and other joints

meniscus

disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture

osteoporosis

primarily affects weight bearing joints

osteoarthritis

neck

cervic/o

ribs

cost/o

skull

crani/o

digit (finger or toe)

dactyl/o

fascia

fasci/o

femur

femor/o

fiber

fibr/o

humped

kyph/o

smooth muscle

lei/o

bent

lord/o

loin (lower back)

lumb/o

bone marrow or spinal cord

myel/o

muscle

my/o, myos/o, muscul/o

bone

oste/o

knee cap

patell/o

pelvis, hip

pelv/i, pelv/o

radius

radi/o

rod shaped, striated muscle

rhabd/o

flesh

sarc/o

twisted

scoli/o

tone, tension

ten/o

vertebra

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

sternum

stern/o

ulna

uln/o

tendon

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

growth, growing

-physis

growth, nutrition

-trophy

thorax, chest

thorac/o

body is erect, facing forward; arms to side, palms outward

anatomical position

imaginary surface formed by connecting two points on/in the body

planes of body

divides body vertically into anterior and posterior references

frontal plane

vertical plane that separates body into unequal left and right portions

sagittal

divides body vertically into equal left and right portions

mid sagittal

divides horizontally into upper and lower references

transverse

front

back

posterior

toward the head

superior

away from the head

inferior

near, closest to point of origin

proximal

far, away from point of origin

distal

toward the middle

medial

toward the side

lateral

through center of body, or part

axis