Musculoskeletal

Question 1

genu varum

Answer 1

bowlegs

Question 2

genu valgum

Answer 2

knock knees

Question 3

lordosis is typically common in what age group

Answer 3

toddlers - it’s normal and helps children to adjust to their change in the center of gravity

Question 4

Dowager’s hump

Answer 4

collapse of the vertebrae results in the shortening of the trunk and long extremities - the change in spine (kyphosis) and loss of height due to the collapse is dowagers hump

Question 5

Older Adult MS system

Answer 5

Osteoporosis: density decreases (↑absorption = ↓formation)
Postural changes: Dowager’s Hump - kyphosis, flexion of hips and knees.
Dehydration of intervertebral discs.
Loss of muscle mass and size.
Muscle atrophy
Decreased agility, gait changes.
GREATER RISK FOR FALLS

Question 6

What are some ways to prevent osteoporosis

Answer 6

VIT D –helps the absorption
Stop smoking
Weight bearing exercise – running; light weights; simple treadmill; get them up and moving
Reduce Alcohol

Question 7

Inspecting Gait

Answer 7

Posture erect, head midline, phases conform, weight evenly distributed, both feet point straight ahead, no toeing in or out, all movements are coordinated

Pregnant and older patients and in toddlers you will see a wider base of support for greater stability

Question 8

Ataxia

Answer 8

impaired coordinated mvmt with erratic muscular activity, spasticity, and tremors
Ex. Parkinsons, MS, cerebral palsy

Question 9

Scissor gait

Answer 9

legs cross over

Question 10

Propulsive

Answer 10

walk like frankenstein - rigid stooped posture with head leaning forward and arms knees and hims stiffly flexed
rapid short shuffling steps

Question 11

Slap gait

Answer 11

weakness of dorsal flexors - toe hits ground first

Question 12

Steppage gait

Answer 12

when you need to lift/flex hip or leg to prevent the foot from dragging during the swing phase

Question 13

Cerebellar Function

Answer 13

want to assess gait and have patient walk tandem, heel to toe, deep knee bend, and hop in one place
Perform the Romberg test
RAMS - patting of thigh on one side then other then both - want a positive RAM
Finger thumb opposition, and toe tapping
**cannot be tested on infants under 3 months, and cannot be tested on toddlers d/t their immature neuromuscular system

Question 14

Spastic gait

Answer 14

Hemiplegic - unilaterally stiff, dragging leg from leg d/t stroke, ms, or brain tumor

Question 15

Waddling Gain

Answer 15

duck like walk with wide base of support and chest thrown back, exaggerated lordosis d/t MS or hip dislocation

normal in toddler and late pregnancy

Question 16

When measuring the lengths or circumferences of arms and legs the difference btwn right and left should be

Answer 16

less than or equal to 1 cm

Question 17

What is the musculoskeletal strength scale

Answer 17

5 active motion against full resistance = NORMAL
4 active motion against some resistance = slight weakness
3 active motion against gravity = average weakness
2 Passive ROM (assisted by examiner) = poor ROM
1 slight flicker of contraction = severe weakness
0 no muscular contraction = paralysis

Question 18

What is a goniometer useful for assessing?

Answer 18

ROM

Question 19

Mc Murrays test

Answer 19

clicks or knee –locking. The test Is performed by flexing the patient’s hip and knee and palpating for a pop or click along the joint line as the tibia is internally and externally rotated

Question 20

Gout

Answer 20

kind of arthritis. It can cause an attack of sudden burning pain, stiffness, and swelling in a joint, usually a big toe. Common in men. Build up of Uric Acid crystals in the joints, warm, painful, red, swollen.