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Assessment Final > Medication Administration > Flashcards

Medication Administration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 names for drugs

A

generic
official - name by which drug is identified in the official publications US Pharmacopeia
trade name

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2
Q

What are ways drugs can be classified

A

effect on body systems
chemical composition
clinical indication/therapeutic action

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3
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

the effect of the body on the drug - mvmt of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drugs absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

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4
Q

Are acidic drugs well absorbed?

A

Yes; basic drugs remain ionized/insoluble in acid environments

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5
Q

Elixir

A

medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor

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6
Q

Enteric coated

A

a tablet or pill coated to prevent stomach irritiation

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7
Q

Extended release, and what are other names for it

A 
preparation of a med that allows for slow and continuous release over a predetermined period; aka 
CR/CRT (controlled release) 
SR (slow/sustained release)
SA (sustained action)
LA (long acting)
TR (time release)
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8
Q

What is a loading dose

A

dose that is larger than normal - usually given when a pt is in acute distress and maximum therapeutic effect is desired as quickly as possible

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9
Q

What is a maintenance dose

A

lower dosage that becomes the usual or daily dosage

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10
Q

Therapeutic Range

A

the concentration of the drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect with out causing toxicity

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11
Q

Peak Level

A

highest plasma concentration - should be measured when absorption is complete

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12
Q

Half-life

A

amount of time it takes for 50% of the blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body…monitoring this ensures that therapeutic ranges are obtained without reaching toxic levels

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13
Q

Distribution

A

after drug is absorbed: depends on blood flow to the tissues, the drugs ability to leave the bloodstream and the drug’s ability to enter cells.

**Binding to plasma proteins = unequal distribution/prevents drug from reaching intended site of action

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14
Q

What are 3 factors that affect distribution

A

binding of drug to plasma proteins = unequal distribution
blood brain barrier= prevents toxins and poisons from reaching the brain
placenta = NOT A BLOOD BARRIER - blood freely flows across it and can drugs can affect the fetus

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15
Q

Metabolism of a drug

A

aka biotransformation is the change of a drug from its original to its new for

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16
Q

What is the primary site for drug metabolism

A

liver

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17
Q

Excretion

A

the process of removing a drug or its metabolites from the body

**kidneys excrete most drugs; lungs = primary route of excretion for gaseous substances; bile in GI tract

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18
Q

Where should adverse reactions to medications be reported

A

MEDWATCH or a national database

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19
Q

MedWatch

A

safety information and voluntary adverse events reporting program, sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which also provides up-to-date information about medication errors and potential or actually medical product problems and errors

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20
Q

For a drug to be an adverse effect it must

A

life threatening action
requires intervention to prevent death/impairment
leads to death/hospitalization/disability/congenital deformity

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21
Q

What are the 3 red drugs

A

Insulin (need 2 licensed prof to dbl check)
Any anticoagulants
IV narcotics

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22
Q

What are CPOEs and what do they allow

A

Computer-generated pharmacy order system
allows prescriber to enter medication sorters in a standard format + guide the prescriber in complete, accurate, and appropriate ordering

**prevents guess handwritten orders

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23
Q

stat order

A

single order, but carried out immediately

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24
Q

What is needed on the medication order

A

Patient name
Date and time order is written
Name of drug
Dosage of the drug
Route by which the drug is to administered
Frequency of administration of the drug
Signature of the person writing the order

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25
Q

What are the terms used to describe route administration

A

Oral
Parenteral (SubQ,Intramuscular, Intradermal)
Topical
Pulmonary

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26
Q

What is the nurse responsible for when checking the medication order

A

checking that the medication order was transcribed correctly from the original to the MAR; if it was not you must rewrite the order correctly

Nurse must also check the dosage 2X and 1 x more right before injection

27
Q

A drug is ordered that would potentially interact with another medication the patient is taking…what should you do?

A

All medications the patient is taking should be verified before administration

NEVER guess an order

28
Q

How are children’s medications typically calculated

A

by weight

29
Q

What is the most common FORM of medication error

A

omitted dose

30
Q

What is most common CAUSE of medication error

A

Transcription

31
Q

Three Checks for medication

A

1- When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dose package
2- After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the MAR/compared with the MAR immediately before pouring from a multi dose container
3- When giving unit dose to the patient

32
Q

After administering the medication the nurse should

A

remain with the patient and make sure that the medication is taken
Record the medication administration

33
Q

Contraindications to administering oral meds

A

vomiting
NPO
difficulty swallowing
unconscious

34
Q

What are the Rights to Ensuring Correct Administration of Medications

A 
Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose/Preparation
Right Route
Right time
Right documentation
35
Q

What is the single most preventable cause of patient injury

A

Medication error

they are responsible for about 25% of cases against general practitioners

36
Q

Medication Errors can be

A

Prescribing
Dispensing
Administration

37
Q

Prescribing Errors include

A

incorrect drug dose strength, rout, quantity
failure to comply with legal requirements for prescription
adverse patient effects
incorrect dosage calculations
incorrect frequency

38
Q

Dispensing errors

A

occur at any stage during the dispensing process from the receipt of the prescription in the pharmacy through to the supply of a dispensed product to the patient

39
Q

dispensing errors include

A

wrong strength/product

wrong computerized labeling/transposition error (wrong dose, drug, patient)

40
Q

Administration errors when

A

there is a discrepancy between the drug therapy received by the patient and the drug therapy intended by the prescriber

41
Q

Drug administration errors largely involve

A

erros of omission

42
Q

What are other types of drug administration errors:

A

wrong administration technique
administration of expired drugs
wrong preparation administered
wrong landmark

43
Q

ss

A

1/2

44
Q

1 qt

A

4 cups

45
Q

1 pt

A

2 cups

46
Q

8oz

A

1/2 pt = 1 cup

47
Q

IX ss

X ss

A

9 1/2

10 1/2

48
Q

What time refers to

A

what time IS it, has it been signed for as given, and is it a time-limited drug

49
Q

What is the only reason you would not discard of a medication from stock supply after a patient refused it

A

CONTROLLED DRUGS

Unopened unit doses may be returned to drawer

50
Q

What happens to the medications a patient is taking if they go in for an operation

A

ALL medication orders are discontinued and new orders must be written post operatively by physician

51
Q

If a patient is an ambulatory risk, what must the nurse do when administering medications

A

Face patients and remain with them until they swallow

52
Q

Where are controlled substances stored

A

double locked in a stationary cupboard at all times

They must be signed for on a registry or computer at the time they are removed from cupboard

53
Q

What are “time limited” drug classifications

A

controlled substances
antibiotics
anticoagulants
steroids

54
Q

Pregnancy category X

A

cannot give the medication

55
Q

Pregnancy category A

A

safe to be given to pregnant lady

56
Q

What are things you need to remember for liquid medication administrations

A

solution vs. suspension (adequately shake a suspension)
pour away from the label
hold the medicine cup at eye level
read the bottom of meniscus
wipe “drip” off top of bottle before replacing the cap

57
Q

Once a medication is prepared it must

A

remain in your sight until administered

58
Q

When administering an ampule medication

A

Break ampule away from you (if you cut self, discard ampule)
Use a filter needle to remove the medication from the vial
Then discard needle and replace it with the correct one

59
Q

If you are to mix insulin which insulin do you draw first

A

short acting followed by your intermediate acting

60
Q

What are Sub Q injection sites

A 
abdominal (2 finger length from umbilicus)
Vastis lateralis 
Behind arm
Sub Scapular
"Buffin" Top (right over the butt)
61
Q

What are the IM injection sites

A

Venterogluteal
Vastis Lateralis
Deltoid

62
Q

What injection site is no longer used for IM injections and why

A

Dorsogluteal site - risk for damaging the cystic nerve

63
Q

What is the only recommend IM site for newborns

A

Vastis lateralis

Assessment Final (7 decks)

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