Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What 3 motions does the TMJ provide?
Hinge: opens/closes jaws
Gliding: protrusion/retraction
Gliding: side to side
What are the motions of the vertebral column?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Rotation
What is the largest joint in the body?
Knee
Which 2 wedge-shaped cartilages cushion the tibia and femur?
Medial and Lateral Menisci
What ligaments stabilize the knee?
Cruciate- anterior/posterior stability+rotation
Collateral-medial/lateral stability+prevent dislocation
What type of joint in the ankle?
Hinge- flexion and extension in one plane
Explain BMD. What is low BMD a consistent predictor of?
What screening tool is recommended fro women 65+?
BMD: bone mineral density
Low BMD= predictor of hip/vertebral fractures
DEXA
What is the orderly approach of a physical examination?
heat-to-toe
Proximal to distal
From midline outward
What are palpable signs of joint inflammation?
Heat, tenderness, swelling, masses
Joints are ___ normally tender to palpation
NOT
What should be assessed if active ROM causes pain?
Gentle passive ROM
Explain the muscle testing scale
0:
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
What is a normal finding when assessing the TMJ?
Audible/palpable snap/click as mouth opens
When testing CN XI, what is a normal finding?
Person normally can maintain flexion against full resistance
How should the elbow be palpated?
Flexed 70 degrees and relaxed
stabilize extremity while testing for ROM and muscle strength
Explain McMurray’s Test
Define:
Kyphosis
Lordosis
kyphosis: curvature of thoracic spine
Lordosis: inward curvature of lumbar spine
Explain the Straight Leg Raising or Laseque’s Test
Done to confirm sciatic pain/herniated discs
Lay supine, raise straight leg to test for sciatic pain
What is the Get Up & Go test?
Can the patient get out of a chair easily and walk?
What are 2 inflammatory conditions that affect multiple joints?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis (stiff joints)
Explain:
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease
Osteoporosis: loss of bone tissue
