musculoskeletal

Question 1

sprain

Answer 1

stretching or tearing of ligament
ligament connect body joints
prone- knee wrist ankle
cause -sports injury,fall,hit,twisting
s-pain,swelling inflammation
classification -grade1,2,3
treat-antinflammatorys- ibuprofen,rice,surgery,range of motions

Question 2

strain

Answer 2

torn muscle or tendon
tendon connects muscle to bone
prone-back muscles (771)
cause-lifting,phystress, stretch
s-same as sprain
treat-‘’

Question 3

dislocation

Answer 3

displacement of bone from it orginal place or bone slip
prone-shoulder,hip,knee,sports,old
cause-hit,fall,accident
s-bruising,immovable,numbness
treat-rice,manupalation of positioning bone,surgery if nerve damage

Question 4

fractures

Answer 4

continuity of bone is broken
force stronger than bone
cause-accident,hit,fall,pathological condition
s-bspi, warmth,bone protuding skin
treatment- non surgery- cast,pain med, ibuprofen(inf),rice
surgical-external fixator(pg 776)

Question 5

types of fracture

Answer 5

displaced-bone broken and there is a gap
non displaced- bone broken into 2 part but no gap
open fracture- deform the skin and breaks out
closed fracture-bone broken without skin puncuture
colles fracture- wrist fracture
potts fracture- ankle joint
patter bone broke

Question 6

treatment of fracture

Answer 6

antiinflammatory-ibuprofen
rice,external fixators,pain,manupulation of bone
surgical- placing bone in its place if displaced by reduction
and external fixators
immobilize by cast,splint,therapy

fracture

recovery

Question 7

contusion

brusing

Answer 7

damage of surrounding blood vessels and tissues due to trauma,localized injury
cause- hit by force,trauma
s-bsp,discolouration,tender
treat-rice,pain ki

Question 8

phantom

amputation

Answer 8

surgically removal of limb
infection accident,trauma,cancer,congenital
managment -prosthesis,rehabilitation

Question 9

osteomyelitis

bacterica

Answer 9

infection of the bones
found in blood and skin
prone-uti,hiv,malnutrition,diabetes,surgery bone
s-acute-fever,pain,swelling,dizzinsss,restricted movement
chroni(2weeks)-pus form,color change,

Question 10

treatment of osetomyleitis

Answer 10

1. anitbiotic-iv vancomycin(4-6 weeks)
2. painkillers in extreme
3. pus drainage
4. debridement-removal of infected bone
5. restore of blood flow
6. amputation

Question 11

beningn tumor

Answer 11

non cancerous growth of cell ,lump,do not metasisize to other parts
cause-radition therapy,hereditary
s-night sweat,swelling,pain,fever,fracture

types- osteoid(in tibia fiba small 1cm ,osteochondoroma(812)

non cancer

Question 12

malignant tumor
types

Answer 12

1. cancerous ,abnormal cell growth ,forms lumps of tissues,metasis
2. lump,prone in long bones
3. types-metastatic ,chondrosarcoma,ostosarcoma(in long bones)

sarcoma

Question 13

treatment of tumors

Answer 13

1. radiation therapy
2. chemo
3. surgery to remove tumour
4. blood stem cell harvest

Question 14

bursitis

Answer 14

• inflammation bursa cavity fluid filled(reduces friction btwn joints) caused by repetitive movements
• trauma ,infection(septic)
• rheumatoid arthritis,gout
  s-sipt(syllabus),warmth
  treatment-rice,elevation,antiinflammatory,anitbiotics

Question 15

synovitis

Answer 15

1. inflammation of synovial fluid(cavity reduce friction btwn muscle tedon,joints)
2. same as brusitis s and treatment
   treatment -corticosteroids for presistent inflammation

Question 16

arthritis

Question 17

osteomalacia

Answer 17

weakening and softening of bone
cause -vitamin d deficiency,phosphorous def,celiac disease,live disease
problem in bone formation
prone to fracture,risk-less exposure to sunlight

Question 18

which bacterica causes osteomyelities

Answer 18

staphylococcus aureus

Question 19

symptoms of osteomalacia

Answer 19

pain in bone,muscle weakness
tired feeling,radiating pain in hip,knees
waddling gait
stiffness
numbness
muscle spasm in hands, arrhythima

Question 20

treatment of osteomalacia and osteoporosis,arthitis

Answer 20

malacia-vitamin d supplements,-egg,cereals , injections of vitamin d
exposur to sun ,use braces
porosis-

Question 21

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

inflammation in a joint,the tissue in synovial joint inf and thickens

Question 22

rehmutoid charactersized by

Answer 22

1. extra articular movement
2. joint pain, morning stiffness last more than 30 min,swelling
3. more common in women

Question 23

symptoms of arthritis

Answer 23

1. joint pain,stiffness,immobility,tenderness affects both sides,faitgue,loss of appetite,fever
   2.

Question 24

managment of arthritis

Answer 24

med-dmards,antinflamatory pain killers
exercis-joint flexibility
rest
1. surgery for joint replacement
2. hot and cold applications
1. 2. antioxidants in diet to reduce inflammation
2. exercise and long term walking
3. tai chi 2 weeks, losing wieght
4. nsaids,pain killer
5. assistive devices