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Developmental > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory/perceptual system

A

AFFERENT NERVES
provide sensory information about the body and environment

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2
Q

Motor/action

A

EFFERENT NERVES
neuromuscular and biomechanical system control the executive of functional movement

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3
Q

Precision medicine

A

A form of medicine that uses information about a person’s genes proteins environments and lifestyle to prevent diagnose or treat disease
INCLUDES AGE

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4
Q

Primary motor Cortex

A

Controls speed and force of movement

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5
Q

Supplemental motor area

A

Involved in pre-planning movements

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6
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Visually guided movements

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates movements based on accuracy timing and intensity

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8
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Controls posture and adaptation to varying tasks or environments

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9
Q

Motor unit

A

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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10
Q

Embryonic period

A

0 to 60 days
( about 8 weeks)

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11
Q

Fetal period

A

Day 60 and on
( 8 weeks and on )

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12
Q

Gastrulation

A

A phase in embryonic development where a single layered blastula is reorganized in a trigeminal structure known as gastrula

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13
Q

Typically when do females know they are pregnant

A

6-8 weeks

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14
Q

Ectoderm

A

Nervous system
Epidermis of the skin

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15
Q

Mesoderm

A

Skeletal muscle cells
Notochord
Cardiac muscle

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16
Q

Endoderm

A

Lung cells
Pancreatic cells
Thyroid cells

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17
Q

Type 1 muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch
Dev at 21 weeks of gestation

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18
Q

Type II

A

fast twitch
Dev at 30 week gestation

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19
Q

Dermatomes

A

Relates to how our sense are related to a certain level in the spine

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20
Q

Myotomes

A

Relates to how our muscles movements are related to a certain level in the spine

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21
Q

At birth what percent of mass is made up of muscle ?

A

25 %

22
Q

At the ages of 5-17 what mass percentage consists of muscle mass for male and female?

A

Males 41-53%
Female 41-42%

23
Q

Peak strength is seen at what ages ?

A

20s -30s young adulthood

24
Q

Muscles mass declines at what percentage at age 30?

A

5%

25
Q

Between 50 -70 what percentage of strength decrease ?

A

30 %

26
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle mass and function
Decrease in
Number of fibers
Mass of fibers
Number of functional motor units

27
Q

Senile muscular atrophy

A

Muscle wasting
Greater decline in trunk and lower extremities
Dev from proximal to distal

28
Q

Which fiber type has an increased rate of loss in older adults type II or type I

A

type II

29
Q

Functions of bone

A

Provides structural support
Store minerals
(calcium and phosphorus)
Stores blood producing cells in bone marrow
Acts as a lever for movement

30
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

31
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of a long bone

32
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Area where bone grows

33
Q

Epiphyseal lines

A

Are where epiphyseal plates have fused together
Growth is not possible

34
Q

All bones and cartilage develop from what type of cell ?

A

Mesenchyme

35
Q

At what week does the cartilage model form ?

A

Week 6

36
Q

At what week does the primary ossification center develop ?

A

7-11 th week

37
Q

When does the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate form

A

After birth

38
Q

Risser sign

A

Evaluates how mature the skeleton is by looking at the bone growth on the iliac crest
Typically used for scoliosis

39
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle close ?

A

2-3 months

40
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close ?

A

12-18 months

41
Q

When does the typical growth spurt occur in males and females

A

Males 14-15 yrs
Females 12-14 yrs

42
Q

All epiphyseal plates close at what age ?

A

25

43
Q

What can happen if there is a fracture along an epiphyseal plate ?

A

Can lead to asymmetrical growth of that joint

44
Q

What therapeutic modality is contraindicated over an epiphyseal plate ?

A

Ultrasound

45
Q

At what age does bone resorption exceed bone formation

A

50 yrs

46
Q

What hormone is associated with loss of bone mass ?

A

Loss or decrease in estrogen

47
Q

Ostopenia

A

Bone mineral density is lower than normal but not enough to be considered osteoporosis

48
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone

49
Q

Structural changes in cartilage
With age

A

Hyaline cartilage replaced by fibrocartilage
Water content dec
Extracellular matrix becomes rigid

50
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia

A

Atypical dev of the hips
Head of the femur does not properly sit in the socket

51
Q

Club foot

A

Congenital deformity
Pointed foot and inverted

52
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

A slippage of the femoral head due to damage to the growth plate

Developmental (3 decks)

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