Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Sensory/perceptual system

Answer 1

AFFERENT NERVES
provide sensory information about the body and environment

Question 2

Efferent nerves provide what type of stimulation

Answer 2

neuromuscular and biomechanical system control the executive of functional movement

Question 3

Precision medicine

Answer 3

A form of medicine that uses information about a person’s genes proteins environments and lifestyle to prevent diagnose or treat disease
INCLUDES AGE

Question 4

Primary motor Cortex

Answer 4

Controls speed and force of movement

Question 5

Supplemental motor area

Answer 5

Involved in pre-planning movements

Question 6

Premotor cortex

Answer 6

Visually guided movements

Question 7

Cerebellum

Answer 7

Coordinates movements based on accuracy timing and intensity

Question 8

Basal ganglia

Answer 8

Controls posture and adaptation to varying tasks or environments

Question 9

Motor unit

Answer 9

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 10

Embryonic period

Answer 10

0 to 60 days
( about 8 weeks)

Question 11

Fetal period

Answer 11

Day 60 and on
( 8 weeks and on )

Question 12

Gastrulation

Answer 12

A phase in embryonic development where a single layered blastula is reorganized in a trigeminal structure known as gastrula

Question 13

Typically when do females know they are pregnant

Answer 13

6-8 weeks

Question 14

Ectoderm

Answer 14

Nervous system
Epidermis of the skin

Question 15

Mesoderm

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle cells
Notochord
Cardiac muscle

Question 16

Endoderm

Answer 16

Lung cells
Pancreatic cells
Thyroid cells

Question 17

Type 1 muscle fibers

Answer 17

Slow twitch
Dev at 21 weeks of gestation

Question 18

Type II

Answer 18

fast twitch
Dev at 30 week gestation

Question 19

Dermatomes

Answer 19

Relates to how our sense are related to a certain level in the spine

Question 20

Myotomes

Answer 20

Relates to how our muscles movements are related to a certain level in the spine

Question 21

At birth what percent of mass is made up of muscle ?

Answer 21

25 %

Question 22

At the ages of 5-17 what mass percentage consists of muscle mass for male and female?

Answer 22

Males 41-53%
Female 41-42%

Question 23

Peak strength is seen at what ages ?

Answer 23

20s -30s young adulthood

Question 24

Muscles mass declines at what percentage at age 30?

Answer 24

5%

Question 25

Between 50 -70 what percentage of strength decrease ?

Answer 25

30 %

Question 26

Sarcopenia

Answer 26

Loss of muscle mass and function Decrease in Number of fibers Mass of fibers Number of functional motor units

Question 27

Senile muscular atrophy

Answer 27

Muscle wasting Greater decline in trunk and lower extremities Dev from proximal to distal

Question 28

Which fiber type has an increased rate of loss in older adults type II or type I

Answer 28

type II

Question 29

Functions of bone

Answer 29

Provides structural support Store minerals (calcium and phosphorus) Stores blood producing cells in bone marrow Acts as a lever for movement

Question 30

Diaphysis

Answer 30

Shaft of long bone

Question 31

Epiphysis

Answer 31

End of a long bone

Question 32

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 32

Area where bone grows

Question 33

Epiphyseal lines

Answer 33

Are where epiphyseal plates have fused together Growth is not possible

Question 34

All bones and cartilage develop from what type of cell ?

Answer 34

Mesenchyme

Question 35

At what week does the cartilage model form ?

Answer 35

Week 6

Question 36

At what week does the primary ossification center develop ?

Answer 36

7-11 th week

Question 37

When does the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate form

Answer 37

After birth

Question 38

Risser sign

Answer 38

Evaluates how mature the skeleton is by looking at the bone growth on the iliac crest Typically used for scoliosis

Question 39

When does the posterior fontanelle close ?

Answer 39

2-3 months

Question 40

When does the anterior fontanelle close ?

Answer 40

12-18 months

Question 41

When does the typical growth spurt occur in males and females

Answer 41

Males 14-15 yrs Females 12-14 yrs

Question 42

All epiphyseal plates close at what age ?

Answer 42

25

Question 43

What can happen if there is a fracture along an epiphyseal plate ?

Answer 43

Can lead to asymmetrical growth of that joint

Question 44

What therapeutic modality is contraindicated over an epiphyseal plate ?

Answer 44

Ultrasound

Question 45

At what age does bone resorption exceed bone formation

Answer 45

50 yrs

Question 46

What hormone is associated with loss of bone mass ?

Answer 46

Loss or decrease in estrogen

Question 47

Ostopenia

Answer 47

Bone mineral density is lower than normal but not enough to be considered osteoporosis

Question 48

Osteomalacia

Answer 48

Softening of bone

Question 49

What structural changes occur to the catilage matrix

Answer 49

Hyaline cartilage replaced by fibrocartilage Water content dec Extracellular matrix becomes rigid

Question 50

Congenital hip dysplasia

Answer 50

Atypical dev of the hips Head of the femur does not properly sit in the socket

Question 51

Club foot

Answer 51

Congenital deformity Pointed foot and inverted

Question 52

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 52

A slippage of the femoral head due to damage to the growth plate