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Developmental > Cardiopulmonary Systems > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Delivers O2
Transport hormones,
Removes metabolic waste
Regulates body temp
Transports immune system cells

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2
Q

Capillaries

A

Connection between arteries and veins to allow for exchange of O2 nutrients and waste

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3
Q

How does the heart oxygante blood

A

Deoxygenated blood into the R atrium
Tricuspid valve R ventricle
Pulmonary artery (only artery in the body with deoxygenated blood)
Pulmonary Vein oxygenated blood to the L atrium
Mitral valve into L ventricle
Through aorta to body

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4
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of vascular branches from existing blood vessels
Thought out life

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5
Q

Vasculogenesus

A

Formation of arteries and veins
Only during embryonic development

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6
Q

3 layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica externa
(Outer connective tissue)

Tunica media
(Middle smooth muscle layer )

Tunica intima
(Inner endothelial layer )

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7
Q

Para sympathetic nervous system

A

Dec hr and causes vasodialation

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8
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Inc HR and causes vasoconstriction

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9
Q

At what week does the heart develop after conception

A

3rd

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10
Q

At what week does the heart start to beat and pump blood

A

4th

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11
Q

At what week does the heart form the chambers ?

A

7th

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12
Q

What is a shunting system

A

Small passages for blood to travel through in order to bypass body parts that are not yet developed

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13
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

1% live births have Congenital heart disease
Leading non infectious cause of death

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14
Q

Cardio vascular in development in childhood

A

Left ventricle wall becomes twice as thick by adulthood
Heart size inc at similar rate as body weight inc

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15
Q

Myocytes is what type of muscle fibers ?

A

Cardiac

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16
Q

Cardiac muscle development

A

Inc Number of myofibril per cross sectional area
Inc force production
NO INC in number of Myocytes

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17
Q

What is the O2 lvl saturation in newborns

A

20g/100ml

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18
Q

What is the Hb levels in 3-6 month year Olds

A

10g/100 ml

19
Q

Adult Hb levels

A

14-16 g/ mL

20
Q

Fetal blood has more_____ and less _____ saturation

A

Hemoglobin, O2

21
Q

In adulthood what might cause inc heart size

A

Fatty deposition

22
Q

In what demographic would fatty deposition cause the heart to increase the most

A

Women 30-60s

23
Q

Aging in the heart

A

Dec in number of myocytes but inc in size
Dec in number of pacemaker cells (slower Hr)
Myocardium becomes darker
Thickening and calcification of valves

24
Q

Aging in the vessels

A

Thicker stiffer and less flexible
Inc resistance
Inc BP
Walls of the heart become thicker

25
Q

Aging in blood

A

Dec blood volume
Dec RBC
Most white blood cells remain the same
Lymphocytes Dec in number

26
Q

Adult heart disease

A

Leading cause of death
1 million heart attacks /yr
5 million adults with heart failure

27
Q

Pulmonary system is divided into which type of zones

A

Conducting zone
Passageway for air to travel into and out of lungs
Respiratory zone
Located deep in the lungs

28
Q

Medulla oblenagata and pons are known as what

A

respiratory center

29
Q

True or false
Sympathetic nervous system controls bronchial dilation

30
Q

True or false
Parasympathetic nervous system is controlls bronchial constriction

31
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest with each breath

32
Q

Residual volume

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs following expiration

33
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Total volume of air inspired in one minute

34
Q

When does pulmonary development happen in prenatal

A

4-8 weeks of gestation

35
Q

Pulmonary development in infancy and children

A

Airways are smaller in children
Dec smooth muscles until 3-4 yrs
Dec alveolar elasticity
Inc risk of respiratory inf. Until 6-8

36
Q

When are functional impairments evident in the pulmonary system

37
Q

What the changes due to aging that affect the pulmonary system

A

Stiffer thorax
Dec expansion
Dec strength and endurance of inspiratory muscles
INC WORK OF BREATHING

38
Q

What way does your body compensate for the Dec efficency as you age in the pulmonary system

A

Inc in breathing rate

39
Q

Blood pressure trend

A

Low to high

40
Q

Resting HR trend

A

High to low

41
Q

Adaptations to long term exercise

A

Inc HDL
Inc Cardiac Output/stroke volume
Inc Plasma volume

Dec resting HR
Dec BP
Dec LDL

42
Q

Cardiac output is what

A

Stroke volume x HR

43
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Tidal volume x respiratory rate

44
Q

Maximal aerobic capacity

A

Maximal ability of an individuals body to transport and use oxygen for energy production

Developmental (3 decks)

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