Cardiopulmonary Systems

Question 1

Functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Delivers O2
Transport hormones,
Removes metabolic waste
Regulates body temp
Transports immune system cells

Question 2

Capillaries

Answer 2

Connection between arteries and veins to allow for exchange of O2 nutrients and waste

Question 3

How does the heart oxygante blood

Answer 3

Deoxygenated blood into the R atrium
Tricuspid valve R ventricle
Pulmonary artery (only artery in the body with deoxygenated blood)
Pulmonary Vein oxygenated blood to the L atrium
Mitral valve into L ventricle
Through aorta to body

Question 4

Angiogenesis

Answer 4

Formation of vascular branches from existing blood vessels
Thought out life

Question 5

Vasculogenesus

Answer 5

Formation of arteries and veins
Only during embryonic development

Question 6

3 layers of the blood vessels

Answer 6

Tunica externa
(Outer connective tissue)

Tunica media
(Middle smooth muscle layer )

Tunica intima
(Inner endothelial layer )

Question 7

Para sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

Dec hr and causes vasodialation

Question 8

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Inc HR and causes vasoconstriction

Question 9

At what week does the heart develop after conception

Answer 9

3rd

Question 10

At what week does the heart start to beat and pump blood

Answer 10

4th

Question 11

At what week does the heart form the chambers ?

Answer 11

7th

Question 12

What is a shunting system

Answer 12

Small passages for blood to travel through in order to bypass body parts that are not yet developed

Question 13

Congenital heart disease

Answer 13

1% live births have Congenital heart disease
Leading non infectious cause of death

Question 14

Cardio vascular in development in childhood

Answer 14

Left ventricle wall becomes twice as thick by adulthood
Heart size inc at similar rate as body weight inc

Question 15

Myocytes is what type of muscle fibers ?

Answer 15

Cardiac

Question 16

Cardiac muscle development

Answer 16

Inc Number of myofibril per cross sectional area
Inc force production
NO INC in number of Myocytes

Question 17

What is the O2 lvl saturation in newborns

Answer 17

20g/100ml

Question 18

What is the Hb levels in 3-6 month year Olds

Answer 18

10g/100 ml

Question 19

Adult Hb levels

Answer 19

14-16 g/ mL

Question 20

Fetal blood has more_____ and less _____ saturation

Answer 20

Hemoglobin, O2

Question 21

In adulthood what might cause inc heart size

Answer 21

Fatty deposition

Question 22

In what demographic would fatty deposition cause the heart to increase the most

Answer 22

Women 30-60s

Question 23

Aging in the heart

Answer 23

Dec in number of myocytes but inc in size
Dec in number of pacemaker cells (slower Hr)
Myocardium becomes darker
Thickening and calcification of valves

Question 24

Aging in the vessels

Answer 24

Thicker stiffer and less flexible
Inc resistance
Inc BP
Walls of the heart become thicker

Question 25

Aging in blood

Answer 25

Dec blood volume Dec RBC Most white blood cells remain the same Lymphocytes Dec in number

Question 26

Adult heart disease

Answer 26

Leading cause of death 1 million heart attacks /yr 5 million adults with heart failure

Question 27

Pulmonary system is divided into which type of zones

Answer 27

Conducting zone Passageway for air to travel into and out of lungs Respiratory zone Located deep in the lungs

Question 28

Medulla oblenagata and pons are known as what

Answer 28

respiratory center

Question 29

True or false Sympathetic nervous system controls bronchial dilation

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or false Parasympathetic nervous system is controlls bronchial constriction

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Tidal volume

Answer 31

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest with each breath

Question 32

Residual volume

Answer 32

Amount of air remaining in the lungs following expiration

Question 33

Minute ventilation

Answer 33

Total volume of air inspired in one minute

Question 34

When does pulmonary development happen in prenatal

Answer 34

4-8 weeks of gestation

Question 35

Pulmonary development in infancy and children

Answer 35

Airways are smaller in children Dec smooth muscles until 3-4 yrs Dec alveolar elasticity Inc risk of respiratory inf. Until 6-8

Question 36

When are functional impairments evident in the pulmonary system

Answer 36

60s

Question 37

What the changes due to aging that affect the pulmonary system

Answer 37

Stiffer thorax Dec expansion Dec strength and endurance of inspiratory muscles INC WORK OF BREATHING

Question 38

What way does your body compensate for the Dec efficency as you age in the pulmonary system

Answer 38

Inc in breathing rate

Question 39

Blood pressure trend

Answer 39

Low to high

Question 40

Resting HR trend

Answer 40

High to low

Question 41

Adaptations to long term exercise

Answer 41

Inc HDL Inc Cardiac Output/stroke volume Inc Plasma volume Dec resting HR Dec BP Dec LDL

Question 42

Cardiac output is what

Answer 42

Stroke volume x HR

Question 43

Minute ventilation

Answer 43

Tidal volume x respiratory rate

Question 44

Maximal aerobic capacity

Answer 44

Maximal ability of an individuals body to transport and use oxygen for energy production