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M1 Block 1 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What does NAVL stand for?

A

N: Nerves
A: Artery
V: Vein
L: Lymphatic

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2
Q

What is the difference between intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification?

A

Intramembranous: bones of skull formation
Endochondral: Formation of bones in the body from chondrocytes that is replaced by bone

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3
Q

What is the basic process of intramembranous ossification?

A

Mesenchymal cells differentiating into bone-forming cells called osteoblasts that lay down bone matrix

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4
Q

What is the term for bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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5
Q

What is the most common type of joint in the body?

A

Synovial joint

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6
Q

Name the three types of joints

A

1.) Synovial
2.) Cartilaginous
3.) Fibrous

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7
Q

Name 3 types of fibrous joint
How does their movement function?

A
  • Synarthroses, sutures of the skull, joints between teeth and jaw
  • They have little to no movement
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8
Q

List the 4 types of synovial joints

A

1.) Plane/gliding
2.) Hinge
3.) Pivot
4.) Ellipsoidal/Condyloid

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9
Q

The wrist and ankle are a type of _________________ joint which is a ______________ joint

A

Ellipsoidal/condyloid
Synovial joint

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10
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage

A

absorbs shock

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11
Q

What are diarthroses?

A

Synovial joints

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12
Q

Describe the bony landmark: Fissure

A

Narrow opening or slit in the bone that can serve as a passageway for blod vessels and nerves

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13
Q

Describe the bony landmark: Foramen

A

Round or oval shaped opening in the bone that allows structures like blood vessels and nerves to pass through

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14
Q

Describe the bony landmark: Fossa

A

Depressed or concave area on the surface of a bone that can accommodate and protect underlying structures

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15
Q

Describe the bony landmark: Meatus

A

Tube-like passageway such as external auditory meatus in the temporal bone, which allows for the passage of structures like nerves and vessels

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16
Q

What are peritoneal ligaments?

A

Ligaments of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, pass b/t organs or organs in the abdominal wall to help hold organs in place and transmit blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

Describe an aponeurosis

A

Tendon that spreads out as a broad flat sheet-like layer that connects muscles to each other or to bones

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18
Q

What are the two main goals of bursa?

A

Reduce compression and friction

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19
Q

A ____________ ___________________ is a special type of bursa that is tubular-shaped, surrounding a tendon. To reduce friction and enable smooth gliding of the tendon as it moves through an area

A

Synovial sheath

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20
Q

Tendons attach:

A

Muscle to bone

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21
Q

With respect to muscles: ___________ moves less, while the _________ moves toward the _____________________

A

The origin point moves less, while the attachment point moves toward the origin

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22
Q

Describe a pennate muscle

A
  • Fibers arranged at an angle to the tendon
  • Pennate muscles resemble the shape of a feather, with muscle fibers approaching a central tendon at an oblique angle
  • The diagonal orientation of the fibers maximizes the muscle’s force potential. Many more muscle fibers fit into the muscle compared with a similarly sized fusiform muscle.
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23
Q

Describe a fusiform muscle

A
  • Fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle belly
  • having a spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends
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24
Q

When muscles have the prefix “bi”, “tri” etc. what does that indicate?

A

The prefix corresponds to the number of origins the muscle has

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25
Q

What does “brevis-“ mean?

A

Shortest

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26
Q

What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions

A

Isotonic = Change in length of muscle
Isometric = no change in muscle length, ONLY TENSION

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27
Q

A reflexive contraction is:

A

Involuntary

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28
Q

__________________ contractions are involuntary and represent the normal resting state of balanced muscle tension

A

Tonic

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29
Q

What are the two main ducts of the lymphatic system?

A

Thoracic and right Lymphatic duct

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30
Q

Where are two places the lymphatic system or its components NOT found?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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31
Q

Paresthesia corresponds to what type of nerves?
Paralysis corresponds to what type of nerves?

A

Sensory
Motor

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32
Q

Every nerve is ____________________! What does this mean?

A

Mixed
Means they contain both sensory and motor fibers

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33
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

Same side

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34
Q

What is the most distal portion of the limbs?

A

phalanges

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35
Q

Define flexion

A

Bending of a joint that DECREASES the angle between body parts

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36
Q

Define extension

A

Straightening of a joint that INCREASES the angle between body parts

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37
Q

Name the five bilateral regions of the back
What is a hint to use to name 4/5?

A

1.) Lumbar
2.) Scapular
3.) Suprascapular
4.) Interscapular
5.) InFRAscapular
Hint: 4 are related to the scapular region

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38
Q

Describe the location back region:
INFRAscapular
SUPRAscapular
INTERscapular

A

Infra is BELOW the scapula
Supra is ABOVE the scapula
Inter is between the scapula and the vertebra

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39
Q

Name the two UPAIRED regions of the back
Where are the located?

A

1.) Vertebral region
2.) Sacral region
Medial

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40
Q

The back contains
Skin & ______
Extrinsic muscles: DEFINE
Intrinsic muscles: DEFINE

A

Fascia
Extrinsic: Moving the UPPER LIMBS
Intrinsic: Moving or maintaining the axial skeleton

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41
Q

Which muscles are considered the “true back” muscles?

A

Intrinsic muscles

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42
Q

Very generally, where are extrinsic muscles located?
Intrinsic

A

Extrinsic are more superficial and intermediate
Intrinsic are more intermediate and deep

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43
Q

Does the back contain the appendicular or axial skeleton?

A

Axial

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44
Q

What internal structure approximation can be found at C7 spinous process?

A

Apex of the lungs, ismuth of the thyroid

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45
Q

What internal structure approximates to the spinous process T3

A

Formation of the superior vena cava

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46
Q

The spine of the scapula is a palpable landmark that is approximate to which vertebrae?
This vertebrae can be use to approximate what internal structure?

A

T3

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47
Q

The inferior angle of the scapula is a palpable landmark that corresponds to which vertebra?
What internal structure does this correspond to?

A

T7
Level of nipple on anterior thoracic wall

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48
Q

What is PSIS?
Which vertebra can this help locate?

A

Dimple overlying the posterior superior iliac spine
S2

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49
Q

S2 can be located using the dimple overlying the posterior superior iliac can be used to locate what internal structure?

A

Inferior extent of the dural sac/subarachnoid space

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50
Q

The tips of the 12th rib are palpable landmarks that correspond to which vertebra?
What internal structure do these correspond to?

A

L2
Bifurcation of the aorta

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51
Q

Which vertebrae can be used to approximate the central tendon of the diaphragm and the base of the lungs?

A

T9-T10

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52
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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53
Q

How many total vertebrae?

A

33

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54
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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55
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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56
Q

How many sacral vertebrae?

A

5

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57
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

4

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58
Q

Significant motion occurs only between 25 superior vertebrae, what regions does this comprise?

A

C, Thoracic, Lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae

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59
Q

The lower most ______________ of the vetabral column is functionally immobile

A

Sacrum

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60
Q

What is significant about the lumosacral angle?

A

The mobile region where moves to an immobile region

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61
Q

Which region(s) of the spine fuse as we age?

A

The sacrum and coccyx

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62
Q

What is housed in the vertebral foramen

A

Spinal column and mentees

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63
Q

Describe the 9 most common features of vertebrae?

A

1.) Body
2.) Vertebral arch
3.) 7 spinal processes

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64
Q

There are normally 7 spinal processes on a vertebra. How can you differentiate them?

A

1.) 1 spinous process
2.) 2 transverse process
3.) 4 Articular process: Remaining 4 will articulate with other vertebrae and form synovial joints

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65
Q

What is significant about the transverse and spinous process of vertebrae?

A

They are for muscle attachments to the vertebrae

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66
Q

What is the vertebral body?
What is it comprised of?

A

Anterior region of the vertebrae that is large and cylindrical normally
Spongy bone & compact bone

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67
Q

The body of a vertebra is comprised of spongy bone also known as:

And enclosed by a thin external layer of compact bone

A

Trabecular
Cancellous

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68
Q

Where is the most actively hematopoietic tissue found?

A

In the red bone marrow of the trabeculae

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69
Q

Where are basivertebral veins found?
What do they do?

A

In the foramina on the posterior surface of the vertebral body
Drain marrow

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70
Q

T5-L5 are:

A

Robust
As it is weight bearing

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71
Q

The superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body are covered in _________________ ____________________ also known as vertebral end plates

A

Hyaline cartilage

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72
Q

What is the epiphysial rim?

A

Smooth bone surrounding the vertebral body that derives from the anular epiphysis

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73
Q

The vertebral foramen is formed by the vertebral arch and the posterior portion of the vertebral body. What comprises the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle
Lamina
1 on each side

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74
Q

What is different about the intervertebral foramen vs the vertebral foramen?

A

1.) The vertebral foramen houses the spinal cord, etc and is seen from a top down view
2.) Intervertebral foramen is can be seen laterally is where the spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column

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75
Q

Where are the superior and inferior articular processes?
What do they form?

A

Notches above and below the spinal processes
Form the intervertebral foramen

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76
Q

Inferior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch what do they form

A

Intervertebral foramen
Where spinal nerve converge?

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77
Q

What is spinal stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the vertebral foramen in one or more vertebrae

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78
Q

What might the treatment be for lumbar spinal stenosis?

A

Laminectomy to stop the compression of one or more spinal nerve roots

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79
Q

What is a laminectomy?

A

Removal of one ore more spinous process and the adjacent supporting vertebral laminae

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80
Q

Transverse process is superior to the _________________ process

A

Spinous

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81
Q

The spinous process is ________ to the transverse process

A

Medial

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82
Q

Where is the Pars interartcularis found on a vertebra?

A

Connects the superior and inferior articular process on each side of a vertebra
Runs laterally to the spinous process

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83
Q

Where is a zygapophysial (facet) joint found?

A

The joint where a superior and inferior articular process of 2 vertebrae meet

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84
Q

The facets determine the plane of rotation of the body. For example, the articular facets of thoracic vertebrae are nearly vertical, this arrangement allows for:

A

Rotation and lateral flexion of the vertebral column in the thoracic region

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85
Q

What are the smallest of the movable vertebrae

A

Cervical

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86
Q

Intervertebral discs of the cervical spine are:

A

Small

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87
Q

Intervertebral discs of the cervical spine are:
How does their size compare to their corresponding vertebral bodies?

A

Small
The discs are larger compared to the vertebral body

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88
Q

Other than the more triangular/oval vertebral foramen, what is significant about the foramen in the cervical spine?

A

The presence of a transverse foramen

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89
Q

Where are the foramen transversarium found?
What is the purpose of this?

A

Cervical spine
Location for vertebral arteries, nerve and veins to pass through

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90
Q

Why does C7 sometimes lack a transverse foramen?

A

Because C7 only transmits small accessory veins and the larger components exit a C6
So the foramen is often smaller and sometimes absent

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91
Q

On the lateral edge of the foramen transversarium (transverse foramen) there are a perforated transverse process that split into two tubercle-anterior and posterior. What is different about these component(s) of C6

A

The anterior tubercles are called carotid tubercles
Here the common carotid artery can be compressed b/t the tubercle and body to slow bleeding

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92
Q

What is the Ucinate processes

A

Cervical spine
The superior surface of these vertebrae are convex in shape
The ridges at the edge are elevated and named uncus of body AKA ucinate process

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93
Q

Why are the cervical foramina larger compared to others?

A

To accommodate the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

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94
Q

Which vertebrae is call Vertebrae prominent? Why?

A

C7
Because it has a longer spinous process

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95
Q

What is unique about C1-C6 in regard to spinous process

A

They are short and bifid (divided by a notch forming 2 parts)

96
Q

What is atlas?

A

C1 that lacks body or spinous process
Articulates with occipital chondyles

97
Q

Where is the atlanto-occipital joint?
What is the significance of this?

A

Where the superior articular surfaces of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles
Allows for “yes” motion when nodding head

98
Q

What is the axis (vertebrae)?
Describe 1 defining feature

A
  • C2
  • strongest of the cervical vertebrae
  • provides ability for C1 to rotate since C1 does not rotate on the superior portion
99
Q

Where is the Dens?

A

Distinguishing feature that projects from the body of C2
Atlas encircles it
Serves as a pivot point for head rotation

100
Q

What holds the Dens and atlas in place?

A

The transverse ligament of Atlas

101
Q

Which of the cervical spine lacks a disc? Why

A

C1 & C2

102
Q

Describe Jefferson fracture also known as burst fracture.
T/F: This always results in a spinal cord injury

A

Occurs at C1
Breaking/fracturing of the anterior or posterior arch
False, although more likely if the transverse ligament is also ruptured

103
Q

Describe Hangman’s fracture

A

Fracture pars interarticularis of atlas AKA C2

104
Q

What is spondylosis?
What might cause this?

A

Defect or stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
Hyperextension of the head ON the neck

105
Q

The ___________ vertebrae have special anatomical components to help interaction with the ribs. What are these called?

A

Thoracic
Costal facets articulate with the ribs

106
Q

Why are foramen of the thoracic vertebrae smaller?

A

No spinal enlargement here

107
Q

The spinous process of the thoracic are in what direction

A

Angled downwards

108
Q

The thoracic vertebrae articulate process are nearly vertical, this allows for:

A

Rotation

109
Q

These three distinguishing features describe what vertebrae?
Long, almost horizontal spinous process
Complete costal facet found on the superior lateral body
A demifacet on the inferior edge for articulation with the 2nd rib

A

T1

110
Q

T/F: The whole region of thoracic vertebrae are subject to rotation

A

False, inferior half of lumbar vertebrae do not have costal facets and are more limited to flexion and extension

111
Q

What anatomic component limits the lumbar vertebrae to flexion and extension and NOT rotation?

A

The L5-S1 facets being coronally oriented

112
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5
But there can be variation

113
Q

Which of the vertebrae carry the most weight?

A

Lumbar

114
Q

Where are there two regions of the vertebrae have spinal enlargement?

A

Cervical and to a lesser extent Lumbar region

115
Q

What is the largest vertebae? What anatomical components are enlarged?

A

L5

116
Q

T/F: The sacrum has no internal canal because it solely provides structure for the gluteus and pelvic girdle

A

False, there is a sacral canal where spinal nerves will pass through and pass through the posterior and anterior sacral foramina

117
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Spinal nerve roots arising inferior to the L1 vertebra that descend past the termination of the spinal cord into the sacrum

118
Q

What is the significance of the SACRAL PROMONTORY

A
119
Q

What occurs at the apex of the sacrum?

A

Articulation with the coccyx

120
Q

Describe the pelvic (anterior) vs posterior surface of the sacrum

A

Fused spinal processes where transverse lines still remain (anterior)
Posterior has crests that are formed from transverse, spinous and articular processes that fused

121
Q

What is significant about the Sacral hiatus

A

Leads into the sacral canal

122
Q

What is the Sacral Cornua

A

Represents the inferior articular process of S5

123
Q

What protects the sacral canal at the sacral hiatus?

A

A sacrococcygeal ligament

124
Q

What is the filum terminae

A

Connective tissue extending from the tip of the spinal cord to the coccyx

125
Q

How is the location of a caudal epidural anesthesia determined?

A

Using the sacral cornua (S5) and inferior to the S4 spinous process that forms the sacral hiatus

126
Q

When do the coccygeal vertebrae fuse?

A

Between 3-5 yoa

127
Q

What is the difference between caudal epidural anesthesia and transsacral epidural anesthesia?

A

The caudal is done through the sacral hiatus and spreads to the epidural space acting on S2 to Co1
Transsacral block is injected through a posterior sacral foramina into the sacral canal for more precise blocking of spinal nerve roots

128
Q

T/F: Co1 fuses with the sacrum

A

True

129
Q

Which side of the coccyx is smooth and which is not?
Why is this so?

A

Anterior (pelvic) surface is smooth
Posterior is not because of the rudimentary spinous process

130
Q

Intervertebral discs become more convex shape when? Why?

A

With age
Because overtime the articular surface of the body of the vertebrae become convex

131
Q

The sacral triangle is formed by:

A

S2 spinous process in the middle top
2 superior tips formed by the posterior superior iliac spines

132
Q

How might one approximate where to perform a lumbar puncture for a sample of cerebrospinal fluid in adults?

A

Start at the highest point of the iliac crest passes though the L4 spinous process and can help approximate L4-L5 IV disk

133
Q

An increase # of vertebrae occur more often in:
A Reduced number of vertebrae occur more frequently in:

A

Males
Females

134
Q

Describe a cranial shift of the vertebrae and its repercussions

A
135
Q

Describe a caudal shift of the vertebrae

A

relationship between presacral vertebrae to ribs

136
Q

Which might happen to the C spine in whiplash

A

Crush components of the vertebral arch
Crush components of the vertebral body

137
Q

What is Spondylolisthesis

A

dislocation between adjacent vertebrae

138
Q

What is facet jumping?

A
139
Q

What is the difference between spondylosis and spondylothesis?

A

Spondylosis is a fracture at the pars interartcularis
Spondylolisthesis is dislocation between adjacent vertebrae

140
Q

The L__-S____ are prone to _______________________ which is the dislocation between adjacent vertebrae due to their downward tilt at this joint

A

L5 - S1
Spondylolisthesis

141
Q

What is typically found between the vertebral symphysis?

A

Layer of hyaline cartilage and intervertebral discs

142
Q

Anulous fibrosi surrounds what?

A

Surrounds the nucleus pulposus of the IV disc

143
Q

What is the Uncovertebral joint?

A

Cleft/joint that is found on the lateral margin of vertebral discs
May articulate with vertebrae
Covered with cartilage moistened by fluid

144
Q

When a disc herniates, what actually causes the pain?

A

The herniate nucleus pulposes through the annulus fibrosi will compress the spinal nerve roots below the involved disc

145
Q

Which is the tougher longitudinal ligament of the vertebrae? What does it do?

A

Anterior to help prevent hyperextension

146
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament found?

A

Within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
Attached from C2 to the sternum

147
Q

Where are Zygopophyseal joints and what do they do?

A

B/t superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
Permit gliding movement

148
Q

What is and where is ligament flava

A

Ligament that joins adjacent vertebral laminae to form part of the posterior surface of the vertebral canal

149
Q

Where is Ligamentum nuchae

A

ligament that starts the external occipital protuberance and posterior border of the foramen magnum to the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae

150
Q

What does the ligamentum nuchae do?

A

Provides for muscle attachment

151
Q

Where is Supraspinous ligament?

A

tips of spinous process of C7-Sacrum

152
Q

Where are Interspinous ligament?

A

Found between adjacent vertebral spinous process

153
Q

Where are Intertransverse ligaments found and what do they do?

A

Between adjacent transverse ligaments
Found in Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region

154
Q

Where does rotation occur in the spine?

A

Craniovertebral joints & thoracic region

155
Q

Where is flexion the greatest in the spine?

A

Cervical region

156
Q

Where is extension most allowed in the spine?

A

Lumbar region

157
Q

There are __________ curvatures of the spine. Name and describe the two primary curvatures

A

Kyphosis (natural in this case) where the spine is concave to the anterior
Thoracic and sacral region

158
Q

There are _______ curvatures of the spine. Name and describe the two secondary curvatures

A

Lordosis: concave posteriorly
Cervical and lumbar region

159
Q

What purpose do Kyphosis and lordosis natural curvatures serve in the spine?

A

Create a center of gravity in a vertical line & makes it so the least amount of muscular energy is needed to maintain an upright bipedal stance+

160
Q

What another term for hunchback

A

Excessive thoracic kyphosis

161
Q

What is another name for swayback? What causes it?

A

Excessive lumbar lordosis
Weakened trunk muscles

162
Q

Name the five categories of structures which receive innervation in the back and can be sources of pain

A

1.) Fibroskeletal structures
2.) Meninges
3.) Synovial joints
4.) Muscles
5.) Nervous tissue

163
Q

What are the first nerves that exit from the intervertebral foramen?

A

Recurrent meningeal branches

164
Q

What is nociception?

A

Pain

165
Q

What arterial branch supplies vertebrae of the neck?

A

Vertebral artery

166
Q

What artery supplies the vertebrae of the thorax?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

167
Q

What arteries supply the vertebrae near the abdomen?

A

Subcostal and lumbar arteries

168
Q

What arteries supply the vertebrae near the pelvis

A

Iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral arteries

169
Q

Spinal veins form venous plexuses along the vertebral column. Where are they found?
What do they do?

A

Externally (along the spinous process and vertebral body)
Internally (within the vertebral foramina)
- They drain

170
Q

The spine of the scapula and acromoion are key because they are visible landmarks on many patients, what is also significant about them

A

They are attachment points of muscles

171
Q

The _________ ________ attaches to the sacrum

A

Iliac creast

172
Q

The root of the scapula corresponds to which vertebrae
The inferior angle of the scapula corresponds to which vertebrae

A
173
Q

Inion

A
174
Q

Iliac crest

A
175
Q

Posterior

A
176
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

AKA inion

177
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Only found in the cervical spine and involved in restricting cervical flexion

178
Q

Where are cutaneous nerves found in

A
179
Q

Where is

A

Suboccipital nerve is the first cervical nerve and is ONLY MOTOR, no skin/sensory component

180
Q

Where is the greater occipital nerve located?
Why is it significant

A

C2

181
Q

What is the innervation of the back for skin

A

Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves

182
Q

What is fascia

A

Band or sheet of connective tissue that is composed of collated

183
Q

How many layers of fascia are there

A

3
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Suberous fascia

184
Q

What is signicance of the myofacial system

A

Transmitting forces from one to another and corrdentating movement of the trunk and upper limbs

185
Q

Intertubercular groove

A
186
Q

Roots of the spinal cord come together to form

A

Spinal nerve

187
Q

What is the spinal ganglion

A
188
Q

Dorsal roots

A
189
Q

Dorsal ganglion

A
190
Q

Roots from spinal cord to spinal nerve then divide again posterior rami and anterior rami

A
191
Q

Ventral rami:

A

Innerave extrisinic muscle of the back and all muscles of anterior of upper lower limbs and internal organs, SENSORY

192
Q

Dorsal rami spinal nerves innovate intrinsic nerves and provide motor and SENSORY Innervation of the skin of the back

A
193
Q

Extrinsic muscles originate from the vertebral column

A
194
Q

Trapezius

A

Only muscle inneraved by a cranial nerve: CN XI

195
Q

List 13 extrinsic back muscles:

A

Latissimus dorsi (2 ea.)
Trapezius (1 ea.)
Rhombus Major (2 ea.)
Rhombus Minor (2 ea.)
Serratus spinae Inferior (2 ea.)
Serratus spinae superior (2 ea.)
Levator scapulae

195
Q
A
196
Q

What is CN XI

A

Cranial nerve 11 Spinal accessory nerve

197
Q

List 2 muscles of the back contributing respiratory function. What are they innervated by? How do you know

A

They are extrinsic muscles and innervated by dorsal ramifications

198
Q

Name 7 extrinsic muscles of the back

A
199
Q

List 3 nerves that innervated the Extrinsic back muscles

A

Spinal accessory nerve, dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve

200
Q

The rhomboids and MAY BE DIVIDED INTO INTERMEDIATE LAYERS

A
201
Q

Define muscle origin

A

Attachment that moves less

202
Q

Define muscle attachment

A
203
Q

Memorize slide 22

A
204
Q

Spinal accessory nerve is found under what muscle?

A

Trapezus

205
Q

slide 24

A
206
Q

InSERTION into the intertubercular groove

A
207
Q

What is the swimmers muscle? Why

A

Latissiumus dorsi
It abducts the arm

208
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A
209
Q

What are the muscles that form the boundary of the triangle fo ausculatation

A
210
Q

What is clinically significant about the triangle of auscultation

A

Where you can auscultation the lungs from the back, THERE are fewer structures in the back to interfere with hearing

211
Q

Lumbar triangle of petit

A
212
Q

The spinotransversalis group of muscles does what generally?

A

Propioception, postural control,

213
Q

What nerve is found underneath the latissiumus dorsi?

A
214
Q

Splenius capitis originates from :

These fibers travel in oblique, transverse, and superiority to insert

A
215
Q

Where do the rhomboids originate from?
Where do they attach

A
216
Q

Splenius cervicis

A
217
Q

Where do the rhomboids originate from?
Where do they attach

A
218
Q

List the erector spinae muscles

A

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

219
Q

In muscles, where is minor generally located

A

Above something

220
Q

List the erector spinae muscles

A

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

221
Q

Lavatory scapulae rhomboids major and minor, how do you know they are innervated. by dorsal scapular nerve?

A

These are extrinsic muscles so dorsal, attach to the scapular

222
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscles originate from?

A

From the sacrum

223
Q

iF There is a fracture of the medial border of the scapula, what muscles and nerve will be affected?

A
224
Q

While the muscles of the erector spinae all originate from the sacrum, there are more divisions of each muscle, like longissmus thoracis and longissmus cervicalIS

A

They insert into different parts of the spine but are still considered the same muscle

225
Q

iF There is a fracture of the medial border of the scapula, what muscles and nerve will be affected?

A
226
Q

T/F: Rhomboid wing in is the same as scapular winging

A

False

227
Q

What are the accessory back muscle of respiration

A

Serratuus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior

228
Q

What is significant about the angle of muscles to their action on the serratus posterior superior serratus posterior inferior

A

Not very prominent

229
Q

What nerve innervates Latissmus dorsi

A

Thoracordorsal

230
Q

What nerve innervates the Rhomboids Major & Minor?

A

Dorsal scapulae nerve

231
Q

What nerve innervates levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

232
Q

What nerve innervates SerratuS Spinae inferior and superior?

A

ventral rami of the intercostal nerves of T1-T5

233
Q

What nerve innervates trapezius

A

Spinal nerve XI, spinal accessory nerve

234
Q
A

M1 Block 1 (6 decks)

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