Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Bones
Provide structure and protection, serve as levers, store calcium, and produce blood cells
How many bones make up the skeletal system
206 bones make up the axial skeleton (head and trunk) and the appendicular skeleton (extremities, shoulders, and hips)
Bone shape can include
Short bones-carpals, Long bones-humerus, femur, Flat bones-sternum, ribs, Bones w/irregular shape-hips, vertebrae
Joints/articulation
The place where two, or more bones meet
Fibrous joints
(e.g., sutures between skull bones) are joined by fibrous connective tissue and are immovable.
Cartilaginous Joints
(e.g., joints between vertebrae) are joined by cartilage.
Synovial Joints
(e.g., shoulders, wrists, hips, knees, ankles)
Ligaments
Strong, dense bands of fibrous connective tissue
Bursae
small sacs filled with svnovial fluid that serve to cushion the joint.
Age related musculoskeletal changes:
Reduced muscle mass
• Decline in speed, strength, resistance to fatigue, reaction time, coordination
• Decalcification of bones = loss of bone mass and height
• Risk for Osteoporosis
• Degenerative alterations in joints
• Limited ROM
• Thinning Intervertebral discs
• Kyphosis
• Wider stance = altered posture
Expected spinal curvatures
Concave cervical
• Convex thoracic
• Concave lumbar
• Convex sacral
Unexpected spinal curvatures
Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
Assessing pain in person with musculoskeletal conditions
PQRST, COLDSPA
PQRST
Provocation, Quality, Region (or Radiation), Severity (or Scale), and Timing
COLDSPA
Character, Onset, Location, Duration, Severity, Patterns, and Associated Factors
Findings of Rheumatoid Arthritus
Swelling
• Tenderness
• Nodules = non-tender, round, enlarged, swollen, fluid-filled cysts (ganglion)
• ulnar deviation
• limited ROM
Late Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis/RA
Severe Joint Deformities, Loss of Function, Pain/stiffness, systemic involvement (cardio or lung disease), ocular involvement, infections
Prevention for osteoarthritis can include
Healthy weight/diet
• Exercise
• Proper body mechanics (protect your joints)
• Injury prevention
• Hydration
• Posture
• Footwear
• No smoking
• Medications
• Physical Therapy
• manage chronic health conditions
When assessing a person with a fracture you ask them…
Are you able to move it? Can you wiggle your toes?
