Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
Decrease in bone density (bone becomes more porous and thinner)
What imbalance?
Bone resorption outpaces bone deposition=>weak bones increasing risk of #
What are the risk factors of osteoporosis ?
Naturally occurs with increase in age but other risk factors include:
Smoking
Decreased activity, calcium levels, vitamin D
Certain drugs like cortical steroids
What is complete type of fracture?
Bone broken all the way through separated into 2 pieces at least
Incomplete?
Break doesn’t go all the way though
Open?
Bone penetrates the skin
Closed?
Bone doesn’t penetrate
What is a fracture?
Basically a break in bone
S+S of #?
MAD Pain
Muscle affects eg spasm
Altered sensations
Decrease mobility
Pain
Swelling
Weakness
Deformity
How many stages is there for # healing?
4
What is 1st stage?
Hematoma collection of blood
2nd stage?
Soft callous formation - fibrocartilage + fibrous CT form around break with new blood vessel formation
3rd stage?
Hard callus = bone tissue replaces fibrous CT and fibrocartilage
4th?
Remodelling = reshaping of hard callus to original bone shape
Fracture management?
RIF
Reduction = realignment of displaced #
Immobilisation = splints, plaster cast
Fixation = screws driven into bone fragments attached to external plates to hold bone in place
What is arthritis? What else can be this?
Inflammation and tissue damage in joints
Gout can be arthritis
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is linked to a degenerative condition where the flexible ends of bone wears down
Its not just wear and tear bc its an inflammatory aspect of development
What are the risk factors of arthritis
i BJ
Increase in age and mechanical stress
Breakdown of articular cartilage
Joint injury
Management for arthritis?
SAPP
Surgery=joint replacement
Anti inflammatory drugs
Physical therapy in initial stage
Pain management
