Male And Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What is Peyroines disease
Growth of fibrous plaques within penis specifically the tunica albuginea causing a curvature – cause is unknown but can be:
Decrease in oxygen => fibrosis and calcification = abnormal curvature
S+S of Peyroines disease
Pain during erection
Pain intercourse for both partners
Poor erection and Penetration
Impotence
Treatment for Peyroines disease?
Surgical removal of plaques
Pain relief
What is testicular torsion
Twisting of spermatic cord decreasing blood supply to testis resulting in necrosis with tissue dysfunction (within 4-6 hours).
S+S of testicular torsion
Swelling
Pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Fever
No cremaster reflex
Horizontal testes
Treatment for twisted balls
Untwisting manually or surgery
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia and who does it occur in?
PUP
Non cancerous enlargement of prostate gland. Compresses the urethra and can obstruct the prostatic urethra => urinary retention => potentially lead to bladder dilation + hypertrophy.
Very commonly occurs with increasing of age.
S+S of BPH?
Urinary hesitancy
Dribbling
Weak flow of urine
Feeling of bladder fullness even when empty
Nocturia
BPH treatment?
Meds to shrink prostate or relax bladder.
Surgery like TURP = removing some or all prostate
What is endometriosis and cause?
Relatively common condition where endometrial tissues grow outside of uterus
Cause isn’t definite but an example/theory is: Retrograde menstruation
The ectopic endometrial tissue responds cyclically to hormones => it grows, gets more blood supply, then breakdowns and sheds. This bothers nearby tissue leading to damage in that area causing inflammation and scarring.
S+S of endometriosis
Pain with periods
Abnormal bleeding/patterns
Pain with intercourse
Pain with urination/defecation
Diarrhea
Constipation
Nausea
Infertility
Treatment for endo?
Pain management
Hormone therapy
Surgical - hysterectomy
What is breast cancer and the risk factors?
Most common cancer in females. Risk factors = decreased age at first menstrual blood, increased age at menopause, no or late 1st pregnancy, genetic, lifestyle eg smoking.
What are the cancer types?
Non invasive = stays in situ (no spreading)
Ductal carcinoma in situ = epithelial duct cells and tumour stays in duct. Can start out in situ and result in ductal carcinoma.
lobular carcinoma in situ = lobular cells (considered not cancerous) it is its own conditions
Invasive = Carries the potential to metastasise.
Ductal carcinoma = tumour grows into surrounding tissues
lobular carcinoma = begins in lobular cells and then grows into surrounding tissues.
S+S of boob cancer
P
F
S
C
N
C
Pain in boob or armpit
Feeling of lump
Swelling of boobs
Changes in skin, texture, size and shape of boob
Nipple discharge
Change in size and shape of nipple
