Brain Injury Flashcards
What is the ICP?
5 to 15 mmHg
Above 20mmHg increases the risk of morbidity and mortality
What is cranial space
Its a fixed space composed of 80% brain tissue, 10% blood and 10% of CSF
What is the difference with blunt TBI and penetrating TBI?
Blunt = skull intact
Penetrating = skull damaged - brain exposed
Causes for TBI?
MVA
Sports
Falls
Violence/assaults
What are the TBI types?
Focal
Diffuse
What is Focal TBI?
And how many types?
What are the types?
Its a localised injury and there are 2 types
Contusion and hematoma
What is contusion?
Brain neuron damaged at impact points. It has 2 types
Coup injury = damage at initial point of impact
Contre coup injury = damage at point opposite to coup injury due to rebound effect.
What is hematoma?
Essi
Blood collection due to damage to blood vessels.
Eg =
Epidural hematoma = between skull and dura.
Subdural hematoma = between dura and arachnoid
Sub arachnoid = arachnoid and Pia = blood mixes with CSF
Intra cerebral = within cerebral
What is diffuse TBI and what can it lead to?
Blunt injury causing widespread damage
Concussion to severe diffuse atonal injury (DAI)
TBI management?
GCS assessment
ICP monitoring and maintenance
Supportive care = PT, OT, life support
What is ischemic stroke
Blockage of cerebral arteries resulting in tissue ischemia.
Ischemia to area of brain = necrosis/infarction
How many types of ischemic strokes are there?
2
Thrombotic and embolic
Describe each 2 types of ischemic stroke
Thrombotic = blockage forms in situ
Embolic = originates anywhere and then gets stuck in cerebral vessels
What is hemorrhagic stroke?
Decreased blood flow and loss of blood
The cerebral arteries bleed into surrounding brain tissue which damages the tissue and reduces blood flow beyond the point of blood loss.
What is TIA?
Also known as mini stroke = temporary ischemia with some alterations to function but usually recoverable within 24 hours. Its a major warning sign for stroke.
