musculoskeletal

Question 1

how is a musculoskeletal exam performed?

Answer 1

cephalocaudal & proximal to distal

Question 2

do you exam non-affected or affected parts first?

Answer 2

non-affected parts

Question 3

two most concerning areas of musculoskeletal examination?

Answer 3

muscles
joints

Question 4

hypotonicity

Answer 4

slow to move

Question 5

spasticity

Answer 5

lots of muscle tone, stiffness

Question 6

how to test for abnormal muscle strength?

Answer 6

grading scale

Question 7

grading scale 5

Answer 7

normal strength

Question 8

grading scale 4

Answer 8

movement against external resistance with less strength than usual

Question 9

grading scale 3

Answer 9

movement against gravity, but not against added resistance

Question 10

grading scale 2

Answer 10

movement at joint with gravity eliminated; nurse provides some support

Question 11

grading scale 1

Answer 11

trace of contraction, but no movement at the joint

Question 12

grading scale 0

Answer 12

no contraction or muscle movement

Question 13

temporomandibular joint

Answer 13

open & close jaw, push out lower jaw, move jaw from side to side

Question 14

cervical spine

Answer 14

flexion/hyperextension, lateral bending, rotation

Question 15

thoracic & lumbar spine

Answer 15

lateral flexion, rotation, flexion/extension

Question 16

hand joints

Answer 16

proximal interphalangeal joint & distal interphalangeal joint flexion

Question 17

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 17

chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disease of connective tissue and gets progressively worse

Question 18

rheumatoid arthritis joint involvement

Answer 18

bilateral

Question 19

rheumatoid arthritis systematic symptoms

Answer 19

low-grade fever and fatigue

Question 20

rheumatoid arthritis characteristics

Answer 20

ulnar deviation
swan-neck deformity
boutonniere deformity

Question 21

osteoarthritis characteristics

Answer 21

heberden’s node
bouchard’s node

Question 22

osteoarthritis

Answer 22

degenerative change in articular cartilage. affects weight bearing joints, especially those used playing sports on regular basis

Question 23

osteoarthritis joint involvement

Answer 23

unilateral or bilateral

Question 24

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 24

manifestations include burning, numbness, and tingling in hands; often at night

Question 25

tests for carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 25

tinel’s sign
phalen’s sign

Question 26

test for herniated disc

Answer 26

straight leg raising test

Question 27

bulge test

Answer 27

helps detect small amounts of fluid

Question 28

ballottement test

Answer 28

helps detect large amounts of fluid

Question 29

test for torn meniscus

Answer 29

mcmurray’s test

Question 30

hip

Answer 30

flexion
internal and external rotation

Question 31

acute gouty arthritis

Answer 31

accumulation of uric acid; great toe is tender, painful, red, hot, & swolen

Question 32

termed the “king’s disease”

Answer 32

gouty arthritis

Question 33

hallux vagus

Answer 33

lateral deviation of great toe overlapping the 2nd toe

Question 34

bunion

Answer 34

inflamed bursa on medial side of great toe

Question 35

osteoporosis

Answer 35

loss of bone density

Question 36

what kind of exercises help osteoporosis?

Answer 36

weight bearing exercises