cardiac

Question 1

v tach

Answer 1

abnormal heart rhythm; when ventricles serve as pacemaker of the heart

Question 2

left sided heart failure

Answer 2

blood backs up into the lungs

Question 3

left sided heart failure characteristics

Answer 3

crackles
dyspnea
decreased O2 sat
S3 is common

Question 4

right sided heart failure

Answer 4

fluid backs up into the body

Question 5

right sided heart failure characteristics

Answer 5

edema in extremities
jugular vein distention
S3
systolic murmur

Question 6

causes of coronary artery disease

Answer 6

ischemia
infarction

Question 7

coronary artery disease (CAD) treatments

Answer 7

angioplasty
CABG

Question 8

S1

Answer 8

closure of AV valves
heard best at apex
beginning of systole

Question 9

S2

Answer 9

closure of semilunar valves
heard best at base
beginning of diastole

Question 10

S3

Answer 10

vibration heard when blood passively flows into ventricle
heard AFTER S2
heard best at apex
may be normal in young adults/athletes
may indicate CHF

Question 11

S4

Answer 11

vibration heard when blood is ejected into the ventricle from atrial contraction
heard immediately BEFORE S1
heard best at apex
may indicate CAD, HTN

Question 12

systolic murmur

Answer 12

separates S1 & S2
lub-swish-dub

Question 13

diastolic murmur

Answer 13

before OR after S1 & S2
swish-lub-dub/lub-dub-swish

Question 14

which side of the stethoscope do you use to hear a pericardial friction rub?

Answer 14

diaphragm

Question 15

pericardial friction rub

Answer 15

pericardium inflamed due to pericarditis

Question 16

murmur intensity grading scale

Answer 16

1-6

Question 17

valve disease

Answer 17

acquired or congenital disorder characterized by stenoic valve (does not open completely) or incompetent valve (does not close completely)

Question 18

account for most acquired VHD

Answer 18

rheumatic fever
endocarditis

Question 19

treatments for coronary artery disease

Answer 19

stents
CABG

Question 20

angina pectoralis

Answer 20

chest pain due to ischemia of myocardium

Question 21

what causes coronary artery disease?

Answer 21

atherosclerosis

Question 22

what can diagnose CAD?

Answer 22

heart cath
stress test

Question 23

CAD symptoms

Answer 23

chest pain [squeezing, suffocating]
radiating pain
heart sounds distant
thready pulse

Question 24

congestive heart failure

Answer 24

when either ventricle fails to pump blood efficiently into aorta or pulmonary arteries

Question 25

left sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 25

pulmonary edema
fatigue
SOB
orthopnea
dyspnea on exertion

Question 26

right sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 26

elevated jugular vein
dependent peripheral edema
weight gain

Question 27

heart failure treatments

Answer 27

diuretics
lifestyle modifications

Question 28

hypertension meds

Answer 28

ACE-Inhibitors
beta-blockers
calcium-channel blockers
diuretics

Question 29

can diagnose heart failure

Answer 29

BNP
chest x-ray
echocardiogram
ejection fraction

Question 30

what is extremely important to know in present health status of a pt?

Answer 30

if they take oral contraceptives

Question 31

bruit

Answer 31

auscultated murmur outside the heart

Question 32

thrill

Answer 32

palpable blood flow outside the heart

Question 33

ideal magnesium & potassium

Answer 33

2 x 4

Question 34

vascular disease

Answer 34

a condition that affects the arteries and/or veins by affecting blood flow by blocking or weakening the vessels or by damaging the valves found in veins

Question 35

vascular disease causes

Answer 35

atherosclerosis
thrombus
inflammation
trauma/injury

Question 36

claudication

Answer 36

pain with walking

Question 37

raynaud’s disease

Answer 37

smaller arteries supplying blood to the skin limiting blood circulation to affected areas

Question 38

raynaud’s disease symptoms

Answer 38

cold
numb
cyanotic skin
pallor skin

Question 39

test used for circulation

Answer 39

allen’s test

Question 40

acute arterial occlusion

Answer 40

pain
pallor
pulselessness

emergency!!!

Question 41

chronic arterial insufficiency

Answer 41

claudication
weak or absent pulse
losss of hair
cool, pale skin
thick toenail
ulcers= painful & dry

Question 42

chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 42

aching, cramping pain
strong, present pulses: may be more bounding
marked edema
pigmentation: ruddy
thick skin
ulcers= not painful

Question 43

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 43

blood clot forms in leg unilaterally
pain, redness, edema

Question 44

test to check for deep vein thrombosis

Answer 44

homan’s sign

Question 45

which lymph nodes do you palpate during examination?

Answer 45

eppitrochlear
inguinal

Question 46

aneurysm

Answer 46

a localized blood-filled balloon-like bulge in arterial wall caused by weakness in vessel wall

Question 47

most common type of aneurysm?

Answer 47

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 48

thrombophelitis

Answer 48

inflammation of the vein that may or may not be accompanied by a clot

Question 49

thrombophelitis causes

Answer 49

triad of venous stasis
damage to inner layer of veins
hypercoagulability

Question 50

when does peripheral vascular pressure fall to its lowest?

Answer 50

when the ventricles are filling, diastole

Question 51

the anterior chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels is called the

Answer 51

precordium

Question 52

apical pulse location

Answer 52

mid clavicular line line at 5th intercostal space

Question 53

The nurse assesses a hospitalized adult client and observes that the client’s jugular veins are fully extended. The nurse contacts the client’s physician because the client’s signs are indicative of

Answer 53

increased central venous pressure

Question 54

what part of the stethoscope do you use when auscultating heart sounds?

Answer 54

bell & diaphragm

Question 55

potential cause of jugular venous pressure

Answer 55

constrictive pericarditis
right sided HF
tricuspid stenosis
superior vena cava syndrome