musculo-skeltal system Flashcards
What is the main agonist at the elbow joint in the movement from a headstand to a handstand?
Triceps (brachii)
The triceps are responsible for extension at the elbow during this movement.
What joint actions occur at the hip and ankle of the take-off leg as a long jumper leaves the board?
- Hip: (Hyper) extension
- Ankle: Plantar flexion
These movements are crucial for effective take-off in long jumping.
What are the main agonists working at the knee and ankle during the take-off phase of a long jump?
- Knee: Quadriceps
- Ankle: Gastrocnemius
The quadriceps contract to extend the knee, and the gastrocnemius facilitates plantar flexion.
What type of muscle contraction occurs while the gymnast is stationary at position A?
Isometric
Isometric contraction occurs when the muscle is engaged without changing length.
What type of muscle contraction occurs during the movement phase to position B for the gymnast?
Isotonic / Concentric
Isotonic contractions involve muscle shortening, contributing to movement.
What axis does the movement at the knee joint of the drive leg occur during running?
Transverse axis
The transverse axis is critical for flexion and extension movements at the knee.
What is the main agonist causing the movement at the knee joint during running?
Quadriceps / Rectus femoris
The quadriceps are the primary muscles responsible for knee extension during running.
What is the joint action taking place at the knee during the drive phase of running?
Extension
The knee extends as the leg drives forward in running.
What is the plane and axis around which hip flexion occurs?
- Plane: Sagittal
- Axis: Transverse
Hip flexion is a forward movement occurring in the sagittal plane.
What is the joint action at the hip joint during a up phase of a squat?
Extension
The hip extends as the weightlifter rises from the squat position.
What is the main agonist at the hip during a squat?
Gluteals / Hamstrings
The gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles are primarily responsible for hip extension.
What type of muscle contraction occurs at the hip during the squat movement?
Concentric / Isotonic
The contraction is concentric as the muscle shortens to lift the weight.
What are the articulating bones of the knee joint?
- Tibia
- Femur
The tibia and femur are the primary bones forming the knee joint.
What joint action occurs at the knee during the kicking movement in football?
Extension
The knee extends as the player kicks the ball.
What is the main agonist that causes knee extension during a kick?
Quadriceps / Rectus femoris
The quadriceps are the main muscles responsible for the extension at the knee.
What is the joint action at the ankle during running?
Plantar flexion
Plantar flexion occurs as the foot pushes off the ground during running.
What is the type of contraction at the ankle during running?
Concentric / Isotonic
The contraction is concentric as the gastrocnemius shortens to elevate the heel.
What is the main agonist at the hip during a jump shot in basketball?
Gluteus maximus / Gluteals / Hamstrings
These muscles are responsible for hip extension during the jump shot.
What type of isotonic muscle contraction occurs at the hip during a jump shot?
Concentric
The muscle shortens to initiate the jump shot.
What joint action occurs at the elbow during a press-up?
Flexion
Flexion occurs as the arms bend to lower the body.
What is the main agonist at the elbow during a press-up?
Triceps (brachii)
The triceps are responsible for extending the elbow during the upward phase.
What type of isotonic contraction occurs at the elbow during a press-up?
Eccentric
Eccentric contraction occurs as the muscle lengthens under tension.
What plane and axis does hip flexion occur?
Sagittal plane and transverse axis
This combination describes the movement pattern for hip flexion.
What is the main agonist for elbow flexion?
Biceps (brachii)
The biceps brachii is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow joint.
What type of isotonic contraction occurs when a muscle shortens?
Concentric
Concentric contractions occur when the muscle shortens while generating force.
What type of isotonic contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens?
Eccentric
Eccentric contractions occur when the muscle lengthens while still under tension.
Identify the joint action occurring at the shoulder joint during a forehand stroke.
Horizontal flexion / horizontal adduction
This action involves moving the arm across the body in a horizontal plane.
What is the plane and axis of motion for hip flexion during sprinting?
Sagittal plane and longitudinal axis
Hip flexion occurs in the sagittal plane, rotating about the longitudinal axis.
What is the main agonist muscle during shoulder abduction?
Deltoid
The deltoid muscle is responsible for lifting the arm away from the body.
Fill in the blank: The type of joint at the shoulder is a _______.
Ball and socket
The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion due to its ball and socket structure.
What joint action occurs at the elbow during a bench press?
Extension
The triceps perform an extension of the elbow during the upward phase of a bench press.
What happens to the biceps during elbow flexion?
Acts as the agonist / prime mover
The biceps brachii contracts to flex the elbow joint.
Identify the agonist and joint action at the shoulder when a gymnast is in a crucifix position.
Agonist: Deltoid; Joint action: Abduction
The deltoid muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder abduction.
What is the plane of motion involved in horizontal adduction at the shoulder?
Transverse plane
Horizontal adduction occurs in the transverse plane, moving the arm towards the body.
During a press-up, what type of contraction occurs in the triceps during the upward phase?
Concentric contraction
The triceps shorten to extend the elbow during the upward phase.
What joint action occurs at the knee during kicking a ball?
Extension
The quadriceps perform knee extension when kicking a ball.
Fill in the blank: The agonist during the downward phase of a press-up is the _______.
Triceps
The triceps lengthen to control the descent of the body during a press-up.
Which muscles work as antagonistic pairs in elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii and triceps brachii
The biceps act as the agonist while the triceps act as the antagonist during flexion.
What are the three types of movements possible at the shoulder joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Horizontal flexion
- Horizontal extension
- Rotation
The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion due to its ball and socket structure.
What type of joint is the ankle?
Hinge
The hinge joint allows for flexion and extension movements at the ankle.
What is the main agonist during dorsiflexion at the ankle?
Tibialis anterior
The tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot.
Identify the plane and axis for the joint action of horizontal flexion at the shoulder.
Transverse plane and longitudinal axis
Horizontal flexion occurs across the transverse plane and rotates around the longitudinal axis.
What is the agonist during elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii
The biceps brachii acts as the primary mover during the flexion of the elbow joint.
