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Cells & Tissues > Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of muscular tissue?

A

Muscle tissue consists of elongagted cells; muscle cells/fibres/myocytes
that use energy from
the hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) to generate force.

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2
Q

What are muscle tissues purpose?

A

As a result of contraction, muscle tissue produces body
movements, maintains posture and generates heat.

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3
Q

How many types of muscle tissue are there?

A

3
skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle

(comprimises 50% of the body tissue mass)

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4
Q

How many named skeletal muscle tissues are there in the body?

A

650

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5
Q

What do the attachment of skeletal muscles look like?

A

Usually attached to bones via tendons.

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6
Q

What is the appearance of muscle tissues under a microscope?

A

Appears striated.

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7
Q

Is skeletal muscle usually under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Contraction is under conscious control (voluntary; sometimes not always - posture)

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8
Q

What is the appearance of skeletal muscle tissue fibres (=cells)?

A

long striated cells; cylindrical cells
Multinucleate (many
peripheral nuclei pushed
to side)

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9
Q

What is the smallest skeletal muscle (its size + function)?

A

Stapedius (1.25 mm)
(stabilizes the smallest
human bone the stapes in the ear; prevents “hyperacusis*”;
tympanic reflex; Bell’s Palsy; facial n)

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10
Q

What is the largest skeletal muscle (its size + function)?

A

Sartorius (upto 60 cm)
(“Checking for
gum!”; hip: flexor, abductor, lateral rotator; knee: flexor) .

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11
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A

Motion, Posture, Heat, Protection

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12
Q

What causes the striation of skeletal muscle fibres?

A

The striations of skeletal muscle fibres (cells) are due to the
highly organised arrangement of myofibrils within the cells

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13
Q

What are myofibrils role in muscle fibre cells?

A

Myofibrils (2 μm diam) more or less fill the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm)
of the muscle fibre and extend its entire length within the cell

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14
Q

What are the two types of filaments (myofilaments) in the myofibril called?

A

Thin fillaments; mostly composed of actin; 8 nm diam; 1-2 μm long
Thick filaments ; made up of myosin; 16 nm diam; 1-2 μm long

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15
Q

Do myofilaments extend the length of the muscle fibre like myofibrils do?

A

No, Myofilaments do not extend the length of the muscle fibre, but
are arranged in compartments called sarcomeres.

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16
Q

What is a sacromere?

A

the basic functional unit of a myofibril

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17
Q

What seperates the sacromere?

A

Z dics/z lines

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18
Q

What are the 5 main components of muscle tissue of skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm

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19
Q

What does the Epimysium surround?

A

The anatomy of the muscle

20
Q

What does the Perimysium surround?

A

The entire fascicle

21
Q

What does the Endomysium surround?

A

around
muscle fibers (“cell”) –
(layer for capillaries/nerves)

22
Q

What is the Sacrolemma?

A

The actual cell plasma membrane

23
Q

What is the Sarcoplasm?

A

The cell cytoplasm

24
Q

What causes the striations in the myofibril?

A

The thin and thick myofilaments overlap causing the striations in the myofibril.

25
Q

What does the A band do?

A

dark, middle part ; contains all the thick filaments

26
Q

WHat does the I band do?

A

Contains all the thin filaments but no thick filaments

27
Q

WHat does the H zone do?

A

thick filaments, but no thin filaments

28
Q

What does the M line do?

A

Holds all the thick filaments together in the middle of the sacromere

29
Q

WHat does the Z disc do?

A

passes through centre of I band (between sarcomeres) made up of
“actinins” – that link filaments of adjacent sarcomeres

30
Q

WHat does titin do?

A

links Z disc to M line; provides
resting tension in I band, molecular spring

31
Q

What is the structure of Cardiac muscle?

A

Striated and branched
Single central nucleus

32
Q

How do fibres join in cardiac muscle?

A

Fibres join end-to-end through intercalated discs.

33
Q

What junctions are intercalated discs composed of?

A

Desmosomes which allow for adhesion in contraction and binding of intermediate filaments

Gap Junctions which allow for communication- coordinated rapid conduction

34
Q

Do cardiac muscles also have actin and myosin like skeletal muscle?

A

yes

35
Q

What are “Purkinje fibres” role in cardiac muscles?

A

specialised muscle cells that conduct electrical activity around the heart. They have less myofibrils and more specialised “connexins” (gap junctions).

36
Q

Where are cardiac muscles located?

A

Heart

37
Q

Are cardiac muscles under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

38
Q

Which of the 3 muscle tissues do not have striations? Cardiac, Skeletal or Smooth Muscle

A

Smooth Muscle

39
Q

What is the location of Smooth Muscle?

A

walls of hollow internal structures
e.g. intestines (peristalsis); blood vessel walls (constriction);
also : Iris of eye, reproductive; digestive; respiratory; urinary; skin
erector pili

40
Q

What is the structure of Smooth Muscle?

A

Short & small spindle shaped
about 30-200 μm long; 3-8 μm
thickest in the middle
SIngle central nucleus

41
Q

Which of the muscle tissues does not have a single central nucleus?

A

Skeletal

42
Q

Is smooth muscle invoulntary or voluntary?

A

Involuntary

43
Q

Do smooth muscle also have actin(thin) & myosin (thick)

A

Yes have bundles of it

44
Q

How do thin filaments attach in smooth muscle?

A

attach to “dense bodies”, functionally
similar to Z discs. (Dense body: a major protein is Actinin)

45
Q

DO intermediate filaments (non contractile elements) also connect to dense bodies?

A

Yes

46
Q

What happens during smooth muscle contraction?

A

During contraction tension is
transmitted to the
intermediate filaments (don’t
contract), and the cell twists
as it contracts about these
stable “rods”.
Relaxed is more long, Contracted is a squished up shorter and wider beehive

47
Q
A

Cells & Tissues (5 decks)

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