Muscular System + Studies

Question 1

different types of muscle

Answer 1

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 2

skeletal muscle

Answer 2

aka: striated and voluntary - attach to skeleton - striated b/c mm fibers striped - tires easily - contract w/ great force &rapidly

Question 3

Anatomy of skeletal MM

Answer 3

*know this diagram*

actin + myosin = myofilament

Question 4

endomysium

Answer 4

• btw muscle fibers
• encloses each mm fiber (wraps around each)

Question 5

perimysium + fascicle

Answer 5

wraps, bundles and covers several sheated fibers together

• this forms the fascicle

Question 6

epimysium

Answer 6

a bunch of fascicles wrapped together

• this covers the entire length of the mm
• tapers into a tendon which attaches to bone

Question 7

smooth mm

Answer 7

NO striations

Involuntary

Visceral

found in “hollow tubes” of visceral organs (stomach, bladder, respiratory passages)

Propels food and substances through

Question 8

2 layers of smooth mm

Answer 8

circular layer

longitudinal layer

• allows mm to alternately contract and relax so they can move food through

Question 9

cardiac mm

Answer 9

found only in heart

Striated

Involuntary

intercelated discs

mm contracts >> becomes smaller thus forcing blood into the arteries leaving the heart

Usually contracts @ steady rate

Question 10

4 Skeletal MM functions

Answer 10

1. Produce movement
2. Maintains posture
3. Stabilizes joints
4. Generates heat (by product of ATP, 3/4 of energy escapes as hear)
   - skeletal mm is 40% body’s mass

Question 11

muscle for stabilization study

Answer 11

• muscle stabilization is key for spinal and joint health
• trunk mm imbalance and risk factor of low back pain
• low score had 340% increase risk for lower back pain

Question 12

chronic low back pain

Answer 12

causes deficits in trunk mm strength

• normal extensor mm to flecor mm ratio is 1.2-1.5, but there is a deficit in lumbar extensors for clbp
• multifidi are used mostly hen the spine is extension
• fatty infiltration of lumbar extensors seen on MRI
• more severe BP - more atrophy and fat in mm
• adjustments and rehabilitation helps improvement

Question 13

lumbar spine and sacrum study

Answer 13

intertrasversarri and interspinales mm act as large propreoception transducers (balance center)

• they send feeback to brain via mm spindles
• Failure to recruit these mm > LBP, weak mm, poor stabilizers, inadequate protection, microtrauma

Question 14

if spine is moved out of place…

Answer 14

if spine goes out of place, nerve goes, and then muscle cant respond properly

Question 15

lumbar dorsal ramus syndrome

Answer 15

when a nerve shuts down, muscle cant respond.

caused by subluxation (abnormal motion) and misalignment

use stregnth, neurological traning, adjustements to help, prevent, and manage

Question 16

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 16

chronic autoimmune disorder - failure in transmission of nerve impulses to muscles - persistent muscular weakness and easily fatigued

Question 17

parkinson’s disease

Answer 17

neurodegenerative disease

cell death in brain and presence of Lewy bodies in neurons

stiff and acing muscles bc they cant normal relax