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Anaphy ni bebe > Muscular System Part 2 > Flashcards

Muscular System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized muscle tissue that forms in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

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2
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue contracts when it’s stimulated by its own

A

autorhythmic muscle fibers

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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue is also known as

A

myocardium

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4
Q

Is the movement of Cardiac Muscle Tissue voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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5
Q

This connect the ends of cardiac muscle fibers to one another

A

Intercalated discs

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6
Q

Does the Cardiac Muscle Tissue requires oxygen? Why?

A

Yes, once there is a depletion or absence of
oxygen, it will be difficult for the heart to pump blood.

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7
Q

These muscle tissues are usually activated involuntarily and are controlled by the nervous system

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

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8
Q

Action potentials are spread through the fibers
by ___

A

gap junctions

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9
Q

Is Smooth Muscle striated or not striated

A

not striated

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10
Q

Refers to an increase in the number of fibers

A

Hyperplasia

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11
Q

Growth of skeletal muscle after birth is
due mainly to _____

A

hypertrophy

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12
Q

Muscles of the body are derived from ____

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

Columns of mesoderm undergo segmentation
into structures called _____

A

somites

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14
Q

Region in a somite that forms the skeletal muscles of the head, neck, and limbs

A

Myotome

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15
Q

Region in a somite that forms the connective tissues, including the dermis of the skin

A

Dermatome

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16
Q

Region in a somite that gives rise to the vertebrae

A

Sclerotome

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17
Q

it forms the exoskeleton, and it would give rise to the nervous system and the epidermis.

A

ectoderm

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18
Q

will give rise to the gut and many internal organs.

A

endoderm

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19
Q

when you reach the age of 80 the muscle mass decreases where in 50% of the body’s muscle mass will be lost which is referred to as ____

A

sarcopenia

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20
Q

the attachment to the stationary bone

A

Origin

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21
Q

the attachment to the moveable bone

A

Insertion

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22
Q

This muscle is used for the extension of the forearm to the elbow joint

A

triceps brachii

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23
Q

This muscle is used for the flexion and supination of the forearm to the elbow joint.

A

biceps brachii

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24
Q

A muscle movement that refers to bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones.

A

Flexion

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25
Q

A muscle movement that refers to straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones.

A

Extension

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26
Q

A muscle movement that refers to excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.

A

Hyperextension

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27
Q

A muscle movement that refers to moving a body part towards the midline of the body.

A

Adduction

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28
Q

A muscle movement that refers to moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

A

Abduction

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29
Q

A muscle movement that refers to turing the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot – down).

A

Pronation

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30
Q

A muscle movement that refers to turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot – up).

A

Supination

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31
Q

A muscle movement that refers to moving a part backward.

A

Retraction

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32
Q

A muscle movement that refers to moving a part forward.

A

Protraction

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33
Q

A muscle movement that refers to raising a part.

A

Elevation

34
Q

A muscle movement that refers to lowering a part

A

Depression

35
Q

A muscle movement that refers to turning on a single axis.

A

Rotation

36
Q

A muscle movement that refers to the tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder.

A

Circumduction

37
Q

A muscle movement that refers to the rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline.

A

Internal rotation

38
Q

A muscle movement that refers to the rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline.

A

External rotation

39
Q

A muscle movement that refers to the side bending left or right.

A

Lateral Flexion

40
Q

Bones serve as ______ and joint serve as _____

A

levers; fulcrums

41
Q

The fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load.

A

First-class lever

42
Q

The load is found at the middle of the fulcrum and the effort.

A

Second-class lever

43
Q

The effort is in between the fulcrum and the load

A

Third-class lever

44
Q

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are collateral to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons.

A

Parallel

45
Q

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle, terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapers toward tendons, where diameter is less than at belly.

A

Fusiform

46
Q

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are in concentric disk-like arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening).

A

Circular

47
Q

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon.

A

Triangular

48
Q

A fascicle arrangement wherein the fascicles are short in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle.

A

Pennate

49
Q

3 types of Pennate Fascicle Arrangement and differentiate the three.

A

Unipennate - Fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon.
Bipennate - Fascicles arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons.
Multipennate - Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons.

50
Q

contracts to cause an action and can produce most of the force during the particular joint action

A

Agonist/prime mover

51
Q

stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover or the muscles that oppose the prime
movers

A

Antagonist

52
Q

prevents unwanted movement and can produce more power than a single larger muscle

A

Synergist

53
Q

Large class of drugs in which its mechanism of action is to work by reducing the body’s production of the chemicals called the prostaglandins

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

54
Q

These are hormone-like substances that can
trigger inflammation, fever, and pain.

A

Prostaglandins

55
Q

_____ are the injuries due to the over stretched muscles or tendons

A

Strains

56
Q

is a more serious injury that can result in the tearing of the tendons, ligaments, and some cases the cartilages of the joints

A

Sprains

57
Q

usually develops after a severe injury such as a car accident or broken bones

A

Acute compartment syndrome

58
Q

It is a compartment syndrome that refers to the
pain and swelling caused by the exercise and are not severe and dangerous for the body.

A

Chronic compartment syndrome

59
Q

This is a painful heel condition that results from chronic irritation of the plantar aponeurosis at its origin on the calcaneus

A

Plantar Fasciitis

60
Q

Affects the gastrointestinal tract and various muscle groups.

A

Botulism

61
Q

Fairly common condition that causes chronic pain primarily in joints, muscles, and tendons.

A

Fibromyalgia

62
Q

Inherited disorder characterized by muscle weakness and a loss of muscle tissue.

A

Muscular Dystrophy

63
Q

Autoimmune condition in which patients experience muscle weakness

A

Myasthenia gravis

64
Q

A condition in which the kidney becomes damaged after serious muscle injuries.

A

Rhabdomyolysis

65
Q

Painful inflammation of a tendon.

A

Tendonitis

66
Q

Acquired or congenital; spasm or shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; head bends to affected side and chin rotates to opposite side.

A

Torticollis

67
Q

Viral infection of the nerves that control skeletal muscle movement.

A

Poliomyelitis

68
Q

Direction: _____; Meaning: Parallel to midline

A

Rectus

69
Q

Direction: _____; Meaning: Perpendicular to midline

A

Transverse

70
Q

Direction: _____; Meaning: Diagonal to midline

A

oblique

71
Q

Size: ____; Meaning: Long

A

Longus

72
Q

Size: ____; Meaning: Short

A

Brevis

73
Q

Size: ____; Meaning: Widest

A

Latissimus

74
Q

Size: ____; Meaning: Longest

A

Longissimus

75
Q

Size: ____; Meaning: Huge

A

Vastus

76
Q

Shape____; Meaning: Comblike

A

Pectinate

77
Q

Shape____; Meaning: Circular

A

Orbicularis

78
Q

Shape____; Meaning: Saw-toothed

A

Serratus

79
Q

Shape____; Meaning: Pear-shaped

A

Piriformis

80
Q

Shape____; Meaning: Slender

A

Gracilis

Anaphy ni bebe (4 decks)

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