muscular system flashcards

Question 1

smooth muscle

Answer 1

involuntary muscle
non striated
uniform layers

Question 2

cardiac muscle

Answer 2

striated
involuntarily controlled
uni nucleated

Question 3

skeletal muscle

Answer 3

cylindrical
striated
multi nucleated
involuntarily controlled

Question 4

muscle fiber

Answer 4

muscle cell that is covered by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
transfers impulses

Question 5

fascicle

Answer 5

bundles within fibers

Question 6

endomysium

Answer 6

connective tissue
surrounds muscle fibers

Question 7

perimysium

Answer 7

connective tissue
surrounds each fascicle

Question 8

epimysium

Answer 8

connective tissue
surrounds whole muscle

Question 9

tendon

Answer 9

muscle to bone

Question 10

origin

Answer 10

muscle attachment to immovable bone

Question 11

insertion

Answer 11

attachment to movable bone

Question 12

agonist (prime mover)

Answer 12

muscle that produces a particular movement

Question 13

antagonist

Answer 13

opposing muscle relaxing during motion
ex. biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Question 14

synergist

Answer 14

muscle that stabilizes a movement

Question 15

sarcolemma

Answer 15

muscle cell membrane
contracts muscle and movement

Question 16

t-tubules

Answer 16

carry electrochemical signals into muscle fiber

Question 17

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction

Question 18

myofibrils

Answer 18

thread like organelles
striated
structured into sarcomeres

Question 19

myofilaments

Answer 19

thread like proteins in the myofibril
actin and myosin

Question 20

myosin

Answer 20

thread like proteins

Question 21

actin

Answer 21

thin myofilaments with myosin binding sites

Question 22

sarcomere

Answer 22

functional unit of a muscle fiber
shortens during muscle contraction

Question 23

contractility

Answer 23

ability to shorten when stimulated

Question 24

motor unit

Answer 24

converts electrical impulses generated by the motor neuron into electrical activity

Question 25

neuromuscular junction

Answer 25

the area where the neuron and muscle cell meet

Question 26

synapse

Answer 26

the space between the neuron and muscle cell and the neuromucular junction

Question 27

acetylcholine

Answer 27

neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction
diffuses across the synapse

Question 28

resting potential

Answer 28

charge difference on the muscle cell membrane at rest

Question 29

action potential

Answer 29

the electrical current generated by the change in charge across the muscle cell membrane
leads to muscle cell contraction of the muscle cell

Question 30

acetylcholinesterase

Answer 30

enzyme that breaks down ACh to prevent further contraction of the muscle cell

Question 31

sodium/potassium pump

Answer 31

active transport system that restores the resting state of the sarcolemma

Question 32

muscle fatigue

Answer 32

occurs when a muscle becomes unable to contract due to oxygen debt

Question 33

aerobic exercise

Answer 33

makes muscle stronger
more flexible
more resistant to fatigue

Question 34

extensibility

Answer 34

ability to lengthen or stretch