Muscular System (Chapter 8)

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question 2

How many skeletal muscles are in the body?

Answer 2

600 +

Question 3

fascia

Answer 3

layers of dense connective tissue surrounding and separating each muscle

Question 4

tendons

Answer 4

connective tissue extending beyond muscle ends

Question 5

aponeuroses

Answer 5

broad sheets of connective tissue connecting muscles

Question 6

epimysium

Answer 6

connective tissue around skeletal muscles (blending with fascia)

Question 7

perimysium

Answer 7

surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers (fascicles) within each muscle. Extends inwards from epimysium.

Question 8

fascicles

Answer 8

bundles of skeletal muscle fibers

Question 9

endomysium

Answer 9

connective tissue layer covering each individual muscle cell (fiber)

Question 10

muscle fiber

Answer 10

single, long, cylindrical muscle cell

Question 11

How do fibers respond to stimulation?

Answer 11

by contracting

Question 12

sacrolemma

Answer 12

cell membrane of muscle fiber

Question 13

sacroplasm

Answer 13

cytoplasm of muscle cell containing mitochondria and nuclei

Question 14

myofibrils

Answer 14

active in muscle contraction inside sacroplasm. Can be thick or thin filaments.

Question 15

thick filaments

Answer 15

contain protein myosin

Question 16

thin filaments

Answer 16

mainly composed of protien actin, also contain troponin and tropomyosin

Question 17

striations

Answer 17

organization of thick and thin myofibril filaments

Question 18

sacromeres

Answer 18

make up myofibrils

Question 19

Where do sacromeres extend?

Answer 19

From one z line to the next

Question 20

What do striations consist of?

Answer 20

Alternating patterns of light and dark bands

Question 21

I bands (light bands)

Answer 21

made of actin filaments, anchored to z lines

Question 22

A bands (dark bands)

Answer 22

made of overlapping thin and thick filaments

Question 23

H-zone

Answer 23

located in the center of A band consisting of myosin filaments ONLY

Question 24

M line

Answer 24

in center of H-zone, consisting of proteins holding filaments in place

Question 25

sacroplasmic reticulum (SR)

Answer 25

network of membrane channels

Question 26

transverse tubules

Answer 26

invagnations of sacrolemma, between 2 cisternae of SR

Question 27

What do the SR and T tubules activate?

Answer 27

muscle contraction mechanism

Question 28

When do skeletal muscles contract?

Answer 28

When stimulated by motor neuron