final Flashcards
The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the
nerve fibers
The three major parts of the brain stem are the:
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the
medulla oblongata
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the
cerebellum
The term central nervous system refers to the
brain and spinal cord
The part of the neuron that normally receives incoming stimuli is called
dendrites
The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience
repolarization
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed
synapses
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called
neurotransmitters
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the
autonomic nervous system
What effects are characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system
decreasing heart rate and increasing digestion
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can’t vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the
Brochas area - left side of the brain
The function of the olfactory nerve concerns
sense of smell
The vestibular system plays a key role in
Providing sense of balance and body position
The receptors for hearing are
hair cells
The blind spot of the eye is where
there are no light sensitive receptors - where the optic nerve connects to the retina
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones
the retina
Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to
smell
Discuss the process of taste sensation
begins within the taste buds of the oral cavity and is ultimately expressed in the brain, where the perception of such sensations as ‘sweet’, ‘sour’, ‘salty’, ‘bitter’, and possibly ‘umami’ (from glutamic acid salts, such as monosodium glutamate), ‘metallic’ (from iron salts
Describe one of the major processes controlled by hormones
Bodily homeostasis and electrolyte balance
Hormone concentrations are USUALLY regulated by
feedback mechanisms
Describe a typical of the changes that follow hormone binding
When a hormone binds to the receptor, the G-protein is activated by binding guanosine triphosphate, or GTP, in place of GDP. After binding, GTP is hydrolysed by the G-protein into GDP and becomes inactive. The activated G-protein in turn activates a membrane-bound enzyme called adenylyl cyclase.
An enlargement of the thyroid is called
goiter
Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone leads to
diabetes
Describe how Insulin functions
helps move glucose from the blood to the cells
The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep cycle is:
melatonin
As a tissue, blood is
liquid connective tissue
Of the formed elements, which is the most numerous
red blood cells
In adults, blood cell formation occurs in the
red bone marrow
Stoppage of blood flow is called
hemostasis
The universal recipient has blood type
AB positive
Which areas receives blood directly from the pulmonary veins
left atrium
The pacemaker of the heart is the
sinus node
A heart rate that is substantially slower than normal is called
bradycardia
An increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity causes
decreases heart rate
The carotic artery is located in the
neck
The umbilical vein carries
oxygenated, nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus
What is a pressure point
a point at which an artery lies over a bone on which it may be compressed by finger pressure
In which blood vessels is the blood pressure the highest
the aorta and other large arteries
Gas exchange occurs by
diffusion across cell membranes
The lipid molecule that coats the alveolar surfaces is called
surfactant
The total amount of exchangeable air is the
vital capacity
The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the tissue is called
cyanosis
Hyperventilation leads to
alkalosis
The Kidneys are aided in excretion by the
lungs and skin
Which substances are typically reabsorbed by the tubules
amino acids, glucose, salts
In a healthy young adult, water accounts for
55% in women, 60% in men
A simple rule concerning water and electrolyte regulation is
water passively follows salt
When blood pH begins to rise, the respiratory center is
depressed (breathing slows)
