final

Question 1

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the

Answer 1

nerve fibers

Question 2

The three major parts of the brain stem are the:

Answer 2

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 3

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the

Answer 3

medulla oblongata

Question 4

Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the

Answer 4

cerebellum

Question 5

The term central nervous system refers to the

Answer 5

brain and spinal cord

Question 6

The part of the neuron that normally receives incoming stimuli is called

Answer 6

dendrites

Question 7

The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience

Answer 7

repolarization

Question 8

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed

Answer 8

synapses

Question 9

The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called

Answer 9

neurotransmitters

Question 10

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the

Answer 10

autonomic nervous system

Question 11

What effects are characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

decreasing heart rate and increasing digestion

Question 12

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can’t vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the

Answer 12

Brochas area - left side of the brain

Question 13

The function of the olfactory nerve concerns

Answer 13

sense of smell

Question 14

The vestibular system plays a key role in

Answer 14

Providing sense of balance and body position

Question 15

The receptors for hearing are

Answer 15

hair cells

Question 16

The blind spot of the eye is where

Answer 16

there are no light sensitive receptors - where the optic nerve connects to the retina

Question 17

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones

Answer 17

the retina

Question 18

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to

Answer 18

smell

Question 19

Discuss the process of taste sensation

Answer 19

begins within the taste buds of the oral cavity and is ultimately expressed in the brain, where the perception of such sensations as ‘sweet’, ‘sour’, ‘salty’, ‘bitter’, and possibly ‘umami’ (from glutamic acid salts, such as monosodium glutamate), ‘metallic’ (from iron salts

Question 20

Describe one of the major processes controlled by hormones

Answer 20

Bodily homeostasis and electrolyte balance

Question 21

Hormone concentrations are USUALLY regulated by

Answer 21

feedback mechanisms

Question 22

Describe a typical of the changes that follow hormone binding

Answer 22

When a hormone binds to the receptor, the G-protein is activated by binding guanosine triphosphate, or GTP, in place of GDP. After binding, GTP is hydrolysed by the G-protein into GDP and becomes inactive. The activated G-protein in turn activates a membrane-bound enzyme called adenylyl cyclase.

Question 23

An enlargement of the thyroid is called

Answer 23

goiter

Question 24

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone leads to

Answer 24

diabetes

Question 25

Describe how Insulin functions

Answer 25

helps move glucose from the blood to the cells

Question 26

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep cycle is:

Answer 26

melatonin

Question 27

As a tissue, blood is

Answer 27

liquid connective tissue

Question 28

Of the formed elements, which is the most numerous

Answer 28

red blood cells

Question 29

In adults, blood cell formation occurs in the

Answer 29

red bone marrow

Question 30

Stoppage of blood flow is called

Answer 30

hemostasis

Question 31

The universal recipient has blood type

Answer 31

AB positive

Question 32

Which areas receives blood directly from the pulmonary veins

Answer 32

left atrium

Question 33

The pacemaker of the heart is the

Answer 33

sinus node

Question 34

A heart rate that is substantially slower than normal is called

Answer 34

bradycardia

Question 35

An increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity causes

Answer 35

decreases heart rate

Question 36

The carotic artery is located in the

Answer 36

neck

Question 37

The umbilical vein carries

Answer 37

oxygenated, nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

Question 38

What is a pressure point

Answer 38

a point at which an artery lies over a bone on which it may be compressed by finger pressure

Question 39

In which blood vessels is the blood pressure the highest

Answer 39

the aorta and other large arteries

Question 40

Gas exchange occurs by

Answer 40

diffusion across cell membranes

Question 41

The lipid molecule that coats the alveolar surfaces is called

Answer 41

surfactant

Question 42

The total amount of exchangeable air is the

Answer 42

vital capacity

Question 43

The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the tissue is called

Answer 43

cyanosis

Question 44

Hyperventilation leads to

Answer 44

alkalosis

Question 45

The Kidneys are aided in excretion by the

Answer 45

lungs and skin

Question 46

Which substances are typically reabsorbed by the tubules

Answer 46

amino acids, glucose, salts

Question 47

In a healthy young adult, water accounts for

Answer 47

55% in women, 60% in men

Question 48

A simple rule concerning water and electrolyte regulation is

Answer 48

water passively follows salt

Question 49

When blood pH begins to rise, the respiratory center is

Answer 49

depressed (breathing slows)