Muscular System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the Masseter muscle?

Answer 1

It’s main action is to close the jaw. This muscle is located in the cheek area if the skull and is the most powerful of the chewing muscles.

Question 2

What is the purpose and location of the sternocephalicus muscle?

Answer 2

Smaller, strap like muscle that extends from the sternum to the base of the skull and acts to flex (lower) the head and neck.

Question 3

Skeletal/Straited/Voluntary Muscle

Answer 3

Controlled by the conscious mind and moves the bones of the skeleton so the animal can move around. (What we usually think of as muscle)

Question 4

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 4

Only found in one place of the body— the heart. It beats long before an animal is born and keeps it up until the animal dies. Outside of conscious control never gets to rest.

Question 5

Smooth/Involuntary Muscle

Answer 5

Organ muscles (doesn’t need to move like skeletal muscle) has predictable movements. Fibers lay in 1 direction making it look smooth. It carried out most of the unconscious internal movements.

Question 6

What type of muscle is most important to massage therapy?

Answer 6

Skeletal/straited/voluntary muscle

Question 7

Most muscles are attached to the bones by what?

Answer 7

Tough fibrous connective tissues bands called tendons.

Question 8

The conformation of the dog is determined by what?

Answer 8

Muscle size, shape, and distribution in relation to the skeleton.

Question 9

Skeleton muscles are connected to the brain via:

Answer 9

The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 10

When muscles move the antagonist provides what?

Answer 10

Control and precision

Question 11

Prime Mover (or Agonist)

Answer 11

The prime mover is the muscle that provided the primary force driving the action.

Question 12

Antagonist

Answer 12

An antagonist muscle is in opposition to a prime mover in that it provides some resistance and/or reverses a given movement.

Antagonists can help smooth out the movement of prime movers or contract forcefully at the same time as prime mover resulting in rigidity and lack of motion.

Question 13

Synergist

Answer 13

A synergist is a muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists it in carrying out its action.

Question 14

Fixator

Answer 14

Fixator muscles stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place.

Question 15

Types of muscle movements:

Answer 15

Prime mover, antagonist, synergist, or fixator.

Movement of the body are complex; so each muscle may fulfill all 4 of these roles at one time or another.

Question 16

Where are cutaneous muscles located

Answer 16

Connective tissues called Fascia located just beneath the skin.

Question 17

Describe a Isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 17

When the muscle contracts it shortens in length; the tension stays the same but the length changes.

Question 18

Describe an Isometric muscle contraction.

Answer 18

The muscle doesn’t change length when it contracts yet the tension increases.

Question 19

Atrophy

Answer 19

Wasting away

Question 20

Hypertrophy

Answer 20

Enlargement or overgrowth