Muscular System

Question 1

prime mover

Answer 1

muscle that has the main responsibility for producing a specific movement

Question 2

agonist

Answer 2

similar to prime mover - the muscle that does the motion

Question 3

antagonist

Answer 3

the muscle that opposes/reverses the motion

Question 4

joint

Answer 4

where two bones come together to create motion (also called an articulation)

Question 5

bursa

Answer 5

A fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid; occurs between bones and muscle tendons (or other structures), where it acts to decrease friction during movement.

Question 6

ligament

Answer 6

Band of dense regular connective tissue that connects bones.

Question 7

fascia

Answer 7

Layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscle.

Question 8

tendon

Answer 8

Cord of dense regular connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.

Question 9

muscle

Answer 9

a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in the body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.

Question 10

passive structure

Answer 10

generally don’t move, non-contractile (bursa, fascia, ligaments, etc.)

Question 11

active structure

Answer 11

contractile structures (muscles, tendons)

Question 12

muscle origin

Answer 12

Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction - generally doesn’t move

Question 13

muscle insertion

Answer 13

Movable attachment of a muscle

Question 14

muscle action

Answer 14

particular movement of a muscle

Question 15

6 distinguishing features of synovial joints

Answer 15

articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial fluid, joint capsule, reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels

Question 16

articular cartilage

Answer 16

hyaline cartilage covers the bony surfaces, smoothes surfaces with decreased friction allows for ease of movement and increases shock absorption

Question 17

joint cavity

Answer 17

potential space that contains synovial fluid

Question 18

synovial fluid

Answer 18

lubrication to reduce friction

Question 19

joint capsule

Answer 19

fibrous connective tissue continuous with the periostea of bones; synovial membrane makes up the inner layer

Question 20

reinforcing ligaments

Answer 20

often “capsular ligaments” or thickenings of the joint capsule

Question 21

nerves and blood vessels

Answer 21

rich supply of blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 22

additional features of some synovial joints

Answer 22

bursae, articular discs, menisci, fat pads

Question 23

tendon sheaths

Answer 23

essentially elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction

Question 24

how muscles are named

Answer 24

location, shape, size, fibers, origins, locations of attachments, actions

Question 25

What is Wolff’s Law?

Answer 25

when you add stress to a structure it becomes stronger (for organic structures)

Question 26

When a muscle shortens, it’s insertion generally moves towards or away from it’s origin?

Answer 26

towards - Muscles move from I to O

Question 27

Attachment sites are typically found where?

Answer 27

bony prominences

Question 28

attachment sites determine _____

Answer 28

the action of the muscle