Muscular System Flashcards
prime mover
muscle that has the main responsibility for producing a specific movement
agonist
similar to prime mover - the muscle that does the motion
antagonist
the muscle that opposes/reverses the motion
joint
where two bones come together to create motion (also called an articulation)
bursa
A fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid; occurs between bones and muscle tendons (or other structures), where it acts to decrease friction during movement.
ligament
Band of dense regular connective tissue that connects bones.
fascia
Layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscle.
tendon
Cord of dense regular connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.
muscle
a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in the body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.
passive structure
generally don’t move, non-contractile (bursa, fascia, ligaments, etc.)
active structure
contractile structures (muscles, tendons)
muscle origin
Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction - generally doesn’t move
muscle insertion
Movable attachment of a muscle
muscle action
particular movement of a muscle
6 distinguishing features of synovial joints
articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial fluid, joint capsule, reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covers the bony surfaces, smoothes surfaces with decreased friction allows for ease of movement and increases shock absorption
joint cavity
potential space that contains synovial fluid
synovial fluid
lubrication to reduce friction
joint capsule
fibrous connective tissue continuous with the periostea of bones; synovial membrane makes up the inner layer
reinforcing ligaments
often “capsular ligaments” or thickenings of the joint capsule
nerves and blood vessels
rich supply of blood vessels and nerve fibers
additional features of some synovial joints
bursae, articular discs, menisci, fat pads
tendon sheaths
essentially elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction
how muscles are named
location, shape, size, fibers, origins, locations of attachments, actions
What is Wolff’s Law?
when you add stress to a structure it becomes stronger (for organic structures)
When a muscle shortens, it’s insertion generally moves towards or away from it’s origin?
towards - Muscles move from I to O
Attachment sites are typically found where?
bony prominences
attachment sites determine _____
the action of the muscle
