Muscular system Flashcards
1
Q
What does muscle tissue consist of?
A
- Groups of muscle cells.
- Connective tissue.
- Blood vessels and nerves (bring 02 to cells).
2
Q
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue?
A
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
3
Q
Functions of skeletal muscle?
A
- Produce skeletal movement
- Maintain body position
- Support soft tissues
- Guard openings
- Maintain body temperature
- Store nutrient reserves
4
Q
What is skeletal muscle composed of?
A
- Muscles cells
- Message means contract
- Damage to nerve supply = no function
- Tension in cells enable muscle to shorten
5
Q
Describe the 2 types of connective tissue (skeletal muscle)?
A
- Surrounding muscle cells = elastic and stretching if tensioned, enables muscles to be stretched, supports.
- Forming tendons = slightly elastic and strong, provides an anchor to the bone, tendons can be a round cord, flattened band or thin sheet.
6
Q
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
A
- Can shorten by 50%
- Response to nerve stimulation, fibres shorten
- Lengthen by 50%
Excursion = full extent muscle can be stretched and shorten.
7
Q
What is isotonic muscle work?
A
- To draw the ends of the muscle closer together, to produce movement.
- Usually against a force.
- Muscle contracts and so becomes shorter.
8
Q
What is isometric muscle work?
A
- To resist movement to stabilise a body part, in response to gravity or force.
- Muscle cells stay short.
9
Q
What is eccentric muscle work?
A
- To control movement, when it is in the direction of gravity or assisted by a force.
- Whole muscle gradually lengthens.
10
Q
Concentric?
A
-When the muscle contracts and gets shorter.
11
Q
What happens to the flexors and extensors in the arm when lowering a heavy book?
A
- Flexors = isotonic (movement happens) and eccentric (lengthens).
- Extensors = isotonic and concentric (shortens).
12
Q
What is muscle tone?
A
- This is necessary to stabilise the position of the bones and joints to maintain posture.
- Resting tension = when a muscle is at rest and not actively producing a movement.
13
Q
Describe the terminology with gravity?
A
- Anti-gravity = movement against force of gravity.
- Gravity assisted = movement is assisted by gravity.
- Gravity eliminated = movement is neither hindered or assisted by gravity.
14
Q
Describe the role of muscles?
A
- Agonist = prime mover.
- Synergist = helps agonist do its job.
- Antagonist = muscle that works in opposition to agonist.
- Fixator = muscle that provides tension to stabilise joint.
