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Anatomy - semester 1 > Forearm and elbow > Flashcards

Forearm and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are located in the arm?

A

Humerus (proximal bone)
Radius (lateral of forearm)
Ulna (medial of forearm)

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2
Q

Aspects of the humerus?

A

Anterior aspect:

  • Capitulum articulates with radius.
  • Trochlea articulates with ulna.
  • Epicondyles are attachment points for tendons.

Posterior aspect:
-Olecranon fossa receives olecranon of ulna.

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3
Q

Apects of the radius?

A
  • Proximal end = the head.
  • Superior aspect articuates with capitulum of humerus = humeroradial joint.
  • Medial aspect articulates with lateral of ulna.
  • Distal end = base.
  • Articulates with 2 carpal bones.
  • Ulnar notch on medial aspect articulates ulna.
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4
Q

Aspects of the ulna?

A

Proximal end = Base

  • Radial notch = lateral aspect which articulates with head of radius.
  • Olecranon process = Elbow extension it moves into the olecranon fossa of humerus.
  • Trochlea notch = articulates with trochlea of humerus.
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5
Q

Joint : ulna with humerus?

A

HUMEROULNAR JOINT!!

Trochlea notch of ulna with humerus trochlea.

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6
Q

Joint : radius with ulna?

A

SUPERIOR RADIOULNAR!!
Head of radius with base of ulna.

MID RADIOULNAR JOINT!!
Interosseous ligament.

INFERIOR RADIOULNAR JOINT!!
Base of radius with head of ulna.

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7
Q

The elbow joint? (TWO)

A
  • Humeroradial joint
  • Humeroulnar joint

Joints move together and forms a synovial hinge joint!!

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8
Q

Details of superior radioulnar joint?

A

Moves independently of the elbow and forms a synovial pivot joint.
(Supination and pronation)

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9
Q

Joint capsule in elbow?

A
  • Encloses the 2 elbow joints!
  • Attaches to humerus at epicondyles and radius and ulna.
  • Encloses olecranon process.
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10
Q

Ligaments in the elbow?

A

One ligament on each side to prevent abd and add.

  • Ulnar/medial = medial epicondyle to olecranon process.
  • Radial/lateral = lateral epicondyle the annular ligament (head of radius).
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11
Q

How is stability promoted in elbow?

A
  • Collateral ligaments
  • Interlocking bones
  • Interosseous ligament
  • Most stable in flexion
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12
Q

What do the fat pads do?

A
  • Act between synvoal membrane and olecranon.

- Accomodate olecranon process of ulna.

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13
Q

Details of superior radioulnar joint?

A
  • Synovial pivot joint!!
  • Enclosed in capsule.
  • Ligament surrounds head of radius and attatched to notch.
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14
Q

Details of inferior radioulnar?

A
  • Synovial pivot joint!!
  • Encloses surfaces seperate to wrist.
  • No ligament, connected by the fibrocartilaginous disc.
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15
Q

Details of mid radioulnar joint?

A

Shafts of radius and ulna are joined by interosseous ligament. This forms the joint.
-Provides stability to other joints.

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16
Q

Name muscles of anterior compartment?

A
  • Biceps brachii

- Brachialis

17
Q

Attatchment + position of biceps brachii?

A
  • Attatched to scapula and radius.
  • Crosses the elbow on anterior aspect, attatched to radius.
  • Flexes elbow, supinates forarm.
18
Q

Attachment + position of brachialis?

A
  • Attached to humerus and ulna
  • Deep to biceps, crosses elbow.
  • Flexes elbow.
19
Q

Name muscles of posterior compartment?

A
  • Anconeus

- Triceps brachii

20
Q

Attachment + position of triceps brachii?

A
  • Attached to scapula+humerus and ulna!
  • Crosses elbow posteriorly, attached to ulna.
  • Extends elbow.
21
Q

Attachment + position of anconeus?

A
  • Attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna.
  • Crosses elbow and ulna posteriorly.
  • Weal extensor, stabiliser.
22
Q

Name the muscles of the forearm?

A
  • Brachioradialis
  • Pronator teres
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Supinator
23
Q

Attachment + position of Brachioradialis?

A
  • Attached to humerus and radius
  • Crosses elbow anterior.
  • Flexes elbow, produces supination for pronation.
24
Q

Attachment + position of pronator teres?

A
  • Attatched to medial of humerus and lateral radius.
  • Crosses elbow on anterior.
  • Pronates arm, weak flexor.
25
Q

Attachment + position of pronator quadratus?

A
  • Attached to ulna shaft and radius shaft (both distal)
  • Transverses forearm
  • Pronates forearm.
26
Q

Attachment + position of supinator?

A
  • Attached to lateral humerus and radial ligament and radius upper shaft.
  • Crosses elbow on posteriorlateral aspect.
  • Supinates the elbow.
27
Q

What is muscle efficiency?

A

-When we carry out a movement, we select the most efficient muscle to perform the movement.
-e.g. elbow flecion and supination.
Can be performed by biceps brachii or brachialis.
If performed by brachialis we would need secon muscle to supinate arm,s o only used if more force created to carry out action.

Anatomy - semester 1 (10 decks)

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