Muscular System

Question 1

Epimysium

Answer 1

Connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle

Question 2

Perimysium

Answer 2

Connective tissue dividing the skeletal muscle into compartments

Question 3

Fascicle

Answer 3

Bundle if muscle fibers

Question 4

Endomysium

Answer 4

Connective tissue within a fascicle that surrounds each muscle fiber and ties them together

Question 5

Tendon

Answer 5

Connects the muscle to a bone

All the connective tissue converges into a thick band

Question 6

Aponeurosis

Answer 6

Sheet connecting muscle to either bone or muscle

Question 7

Sarcolemma

Answer 7

Muscle cell membrane

Question 8

Sarcoplasm

Answer 8

Muscle cell cytoplasm

Question 9

Transverse (T) tubules

Answer 9

Connect the sarcolemma

Activate calcium transport mechanism

Question 10

Myofibrils

Answer 10

Long parallel cylindrical cords of protein

Question 11

Myofilaments

Answer 11

Make up myofibrils

Made of…
THICK filaments: myosin
THIN filaments: actin

Question 12

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

(Like the ER)

Stores calcium ions

Question 13

Z lines

Answer 13

Perpendicular protein strands intersecting thin filaments

Question 14

M line

Answer 14

Connects the middle of each thick filament to its neighbors

Question 15

A band

Answer 15

Dark area where thick and thin filaments overlap

Question 16

I band

Answer 16

Light region of thin filaments between two A bands

Question 17

Contractility

Answer 17

Ability to shorten

Question 18

Excitability

Answer 18

Ability to receive and respond to stimuli

Question 19

Extensibility

Answer 19

Ability to increase in length

Question 20

Elasticity

Answer 20

Ability to return to resting position

Question 21

5 muscular functions

Answer 21

Movement 
Maintain posture
Support
Guard
Maintain body temp

Question 22

Three muscle types

Answer 22

Skeletal (voluntary and most common)

Smooth (involuntary and internal organs)

Cardiac (heart and involuntary)

Question 23

Fascia

Answer 23

Connective tissue

Superficial (under hypodermis) or Deep (around muscle groups)

Question 24

Sarcomere

Answer 24

Repeating functional unit of muscle cells

Question 25

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 25

Where a motor neuron and muscle cell connect

Question 26

Motor end plate

Answer 26

Specialized area on cell membrane where sarcolemma is folded

Question 27

Neurotransmitters

Answer 27

Chemicals that carry a message

Question 28

Myogram

Answer 28

Recorded pattern if muscle activity

Question 29

Latent period

Answer 29

Delay time between stimulus and response

Question 30

Threshold stimulus

Answer 30

Minimal strength of a stimulus required

Question 31

Summation

Answer 31

Muscles can’t relax because a series of stimuli are received

Question 32

Tetanus

Answer 32

Period of sustained contractions

Question 33

Recruitment

Answer 33

Number of motor units involved in contraction increases

Question 34

Sustained contractions

Answer 34

Occur more often and are useful

Standing and walking

Question 35

Muscle tone

Answer 35

Few fibers are contracting

Question 36

Hypertrophy

Answer 36

Forced exercise causing muscle to enlarge

Question 37

Atrophy

Answer 37

Unused muscle decrease in size

Question 38

Fast fibers

Answer 38

Fatigue easily

Question 39

Isotonic contractions

Answer 39

Muscles get bigger

Question 40

Isometric contractions

Answer 40

Tones muscles (length doesn’t change)

Question 41

Lactic acid

Answer 41

Leads to oxygen debt and burning when it builds up during strenuous excercise

Question 42

Recovery period

Answer 42

When the muscle returns to normal and oxygen demands are still high

Question 43

Cramps

Answer 43

Occur when muscles can’t relax

Question 44

Peristalsis

Answer 44

Wave like motion that moves things

Question 45

Smooth muscles

Answer 45

Multiunit (muscle fibers are separate) (eye iris)

Visceral (sheets if cells) (uterus)