Endocrine Flashcards
Types of hormone molecules
Amino acids. Peptides. Lipids
Endocrine system function
Regulate and control hormonal activity.
Tissue that hormones affect
Target
Location if steroid hormone
Target cells inner cell membrane surface
Non steroid hormones location
Plasma membrane outer surface
Effects of prostaglandins
Relax or contract smooth muscle
Decrease hydrochloric acid production
Clot blood
Coordinate cell activities
Negative feedback
A deviation from a set point is corrected by moving in the opposite direction
Pituitary gland
Base of brain
Sella turcica
Hanging from stalk
Has anterior and posterior part
GH (growth hormone)
Stimulate cell growth in size and number and replication
Altered amounts of GH result in
Gigantism and dwarfism
PLR (prolactin hormone)
Produce milk in mammary gland
Largest TSH tissue
Thyroid
Target tissue of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
Gonads
FSH in males and females
Sperm maturation
Egg production
LH (luteinizing)
Sex hormone secretion
ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
Tells kidneys to conserve water
Causes diabetes if not secreted
Oxytocin
Contract uterus sperm duct prostate and ejects milk
Thyroid relies on
Iodine
Thyroid produces hormones that
Metabolize and use oxygen
Adrenal glands secrete
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenaline
Increase heart rate blood pressure and blood glucose
Aldosterone
Conserves sodium ions in kidneys
Glucocorticoids in times of stress
Increase rate of glucose formation and have anti inflammatory response
Pancreas as endocrine and exocrine gland
Glucagon and insulin
Pancreatic juice
Glucagon
Releases glycogen to put glucose in blood
made by ALPHA CELLS
Insulin
Removes glucose from blood and stores as glycogen in liver
Made by BETA CELLS
Calcitonin
Controls calcium ions
PTH (parathyroid)
Increases calcium in blood and decreases PO4
Makes extra sex hormones
Suprarenal cortex
Hormone
Chemical messenger
First messenger
Binds to plasma membrane receptors
Second messenger
Triggered by first messenger in cytoplasm and alters enzyme activity
G protein
Link between 1st and 2nd messenger
C amp
2nd messenger that alters enzyme activity
Links endocrine and nervous systems
Hypothalamus
Ways of hormone secretion
Humoral stimuli
Hormonal stimuli
Neural stimuli
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) target cells
Melanocytes
Pineal gland
Slows sexual maturation
Protects against free radicals
Wake sleep cycle
