Muscular System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the muscular system in physical activity?

Answer 1

To affect performances in physical activity

Question 2

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 2

• Cardiac muscle
• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle

Question 3

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 3

In the heart wall

Question 4

Is cardiac muscle under conscious control?

Answer 4

No, it is involuntary

Question 5

What type of muscle is responsible for moving limbs?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle

Question 6

What type of muscle is found in internal body systems?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle

Question 7

What is the role of muscles in supporting joints?

Answer 7

To stabilize and support joints

Question 8

How do muscles contribute to heat production?

Answer 8

By contracting and relaxing

Question 9

What are the two types of muscle contractions?

Answer 9

• Concentric contraction
• Eccentric contraction

Question 10

What occurs during a concentric contraction?

Answer 10

The working muscle gets shorter and fatter

Question 11

What occurs during an eccentric contraction?

Answer 11

The working muscle gets longer and thinner

Question 12

Define isometric contraction.

Answer 12

A muscle working and staying the same length with no movement

Question 13

Define isotonic contraction.

Answer 13

A muscle working against resistance and shortening or lengthening

Question 14

What controls skeletal muscles?

Answer 14

The central nervous system (CNS)

Question 15

What are the two types of muscle fibre types?

Answer 15

• Fast twitch
• Slow twitch

Question 16

What are slow twitch fibres designed for?

Answer 16

Endurance

Question 17

What do fast twitch fibres excel at?

Answer 17

High intensity activities

Question 18

What is the effect of exercise on muscle temperature?

Answer 18

Muscle temperature rises

Question 19

What is ATP?

Answer 19

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency for muscles

Question 20

Name the three systems that supply ATP.

Answer 20

• Alactic anaerobic system
• Lactic acid anaerobic system
• Aerobic energy system

Question 21

What does the alactic system provide energy for?

Answer 21

High intensity work for approximately 10 seconds

Question 22

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 22

The need to replace fuel sources and remove lactic acid after exercise

Question 23

What is the aerobic energy system used for?

Answer 23

Low to moderate intensity exercise

Question 24

What happens to slow twitch muscles with regular endurance training?

Answer 24

• Increase in network of arteries, capillaries, and veins
• Increase in myoglobin
• Increase in number and size of mitochondria

Question 25

What does regular strength training do to fast twitch fibres?

Answer 25

* Increases cross-sectional area (hypertrophy) * Increases stores of high energy phosphagens

Question 26

What is the role of the prime mover muscle?

Answer 26

It is the agonist that creates movement

Question 27

What is the role of the antagonist muscle?

Answer 27

It opposes the movement of the agonist

Question 28

True or False: Smooth muscle is under conscious control.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle bends a limb.

Answer 29

flexor

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle straightens a limb.

Answer 30

extensor

Question 31

A concentric contraction occurs when?

Answer 31

A working muscle gets shorter and fatter

Question 32

An eccentric contraction occurs when a ?

Answer 32

Working muscle gets longer and thinner

Question 33

An isotonic contraction occurs when?

Answer 33

A muscle is working against resistance and it shorten or lengthens

Question 34

An isometric contraction occurs when?

Answer 34

A muscle is working and stays the same length, no movement is involved

Question 35

Skeletal muscles are controlled by?

Answer 35

The central nervous system

Question 36

The central nervous system provides ?

Answer 36

A range of force suited to the action required

Question 37

What are the characteristics of slow twitch fibres?

Answer 37

Designed for endurance Contract and relax slowly Produce little force Does not tire quickly – has more arteries, veins and myoglobin (carries o2) (3X more) than fast twitch More mitochondria (12X more)

Question 38

What are the characteristics of fast twitch fibres?

Answer 38

Designed for high intensity Contract and relax quickly Produce much more force (10X more force) Tire quickly – has fewer arteries, veins and myoglobin Less mitochondria

Question 39

What are athlete examples of slow twitch fibres

Answer 39

Long distance runner, triathlete, football player, basketballer.

Question 40

What are athlete examples of fast twitch fibres?

Answer 40

Sprinter, shot put, long jump.

Question 41

What are the short term effect of exercise on the muscular system

Answer 41

Muscles contract more often -When you exercise your skeletal muscles must work harder and contract more often. -They require more nutrients Blood flow to the muscles increase -The circulatory system works harder to increase the blood flow to the working muscles. Blood provides more nutrients and oxygen. Muscle temperature rises -When muscles relax and contract, they produce heat This is dispersed from the muscles through the blood to the skin where the blood is cooled. This helps regulate body temperature.

Question 42

Muscles need what to produce energy

Answer 42

Muscles need adenosine triphosphate

Question 43

adenosine triphosphate is supplied to the muscles by three systems

Answer 43

Alactic anaerobic system Aerobic energy system Lactic acid anaerobic

Question 44

What is the Alactic acid system?

Answer 44

•Associated with high intensity work •The body has enough ATP to produce energy for approx. 1 second. •After this creatine phosphate (PC) is broken down to provide ATP through the Alactic system. •This produces approx. another 9 seconds of energy. •This energy is produced without oxygen.

Question 45

What is the lactic acid system?

Answer 45

•After 10secs of high intensity work it is the Lactic Acid System that supplies ATP. •The body then uses our glycogen stores which are broken down to form ATP. •This can produce energy for another 40secs before the build up of lactic acid stops the muscles from working. •These two systems provide fuel for high intensity work when the respiratory & circulatory systems are unable to supply the muscles with oxygen they need. This can be up to 50secs in total.

Question 46

What is the aerobic energy system

Answer 46

Low to moderate intensity •Aerobic energy system is used when the exercise isn’t intense and the respiratory and circulatory systems are able to deliver enough O2 to the working muscles. •Glycogen and fats are broken down to provide ATP for energy. •The waste products produced are broken down by O2 into CO2 and breathed out. •You can use the aerobic energy system until you run out of glycogen •When energy is produced heat is created so muscles become warm.

Question 47

What are the long term effects of optimal training on the muscular system

Answer 47

Slow twitch muscles As a result of regular aerobic endurance the slow twitch muscle fibres get.. •An increase network of arteries capillaries and veins – food and oxygen and be delivered and waste products can be taken away. •An increase store of myoglobin – 80% more oxygen can be taken into the muscle •An increase in the number and size of mitochondria – muscle can produce more energy. Fast twitch fibres As a result of regular strength training, the fast twitch muscle fibres get -An increased cross sectional area (hypertrophy) meaning muscles can produce more force. -Increased stores of high energy phosphagens meaning muscles can work at a high intensity for longer.