Muscular System Flashcards
Function of muscular system
Circulates blood throughout body.
Permits movement of the body.
Maintains posture.
Gives stability.
4 types of muscles
Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal, Fixator
Smooth muscles
Involuntary muscles. (function without conscious thought.)
Vital organs e.g. stomach, intestine.
Cardiac muscle
heart muscle. pumps blood around body without conscious control.
skeletal muscles
Voluntary muscles. Voluntarily contract (tighten) and relax to perform a selected movement.
Work with bones to give body power and strength.
Responsible for movement.
Fixator muscles
Help to stabilise a joint.
e.g. rotator cuff helps stabilise bicep when it contracts.
Deltoids
Create abduction at shoulder and raise your arm sideways.
bicep
Cause flexion at the elbow
Quadricep
Make extension of the leg possible at the knee.
pectorals
Create adduction at the shoulder across the chest.
Abdominals
Allow you to flex your torso.
Triceps
Create extension at the elbow
Latissimus Dorsi
Allows adduction at the shoulder behind your back
Gluteals
Allows extension, abduction and adduction at the hip. (Gluteus Maximus is the biggest gluteal)
Hamstring
Allow flexion of the leg at the knee
Gastrocnemius
Allow you to stand on tiptoes, by creating extension at the ankle
Achilles
A tendon located at the heel.
10 Joint movements
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, pronation, supination.
Extension
increasing the angle at a joint, straightening of a limb at a joint
Flexion
Decreasing the angle at a joint, bending of a joint
Adduction
Moving towards the centre of the body
Abduction
Moving away from the centre of the body
Rotation
Moving on a limb from side to side in either direction (swivelling)
Circumduction
Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.
Pronation
The forearm pronation is the movement of turning the palm over to face downwards
Supination
The opposite movement of pronation, turning the palm up of forwards.
Plantar flextion
Extension of the ankle, pointing of the toes
Dorsiflexion
Flexion of the foot in an upward direction towards shin
What is a major antagonistic pair?
Pair of muscles working together where, when one action is performed one muscle contracts whilst the other relaxes or lengthens.
What is an agonist?
When the muscle contracts or shortens and becomes the prime mover.
What is an antagonist
When the muscle lengthens or relaxes.
Quadricep and hamstring
Antagonistic pair in the upper leg.
Biceps and triceps
Antagonistic pair in the upper arm.
Pectorals and Trapezius
Antagonistic pair in the upper body
Abdominals and Erector spinae
Antagonistic pair in the upper body.
Gluteus maximus and hip flexors
Antagonistic pair in the hip.
What are 5 major antagonistic pairs.
Biceps and Triceps
Quadricep and hamstring
Pectorals and trapezius
Abdominals and Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus and hip flexors
Hip flexor
in the hip
tibialis anterior
front of lower leg
external obliques
side of the body’s torso
Trapezius
at the back of the neck.
Erector spinae
Muscle near your spine
