Geography Flashcards
What is a landscape
Visible features of an area of land made up of landforms.
What is a landform
A natural feature of the earths surface, makes up a landscape.
Example of landscape
Northern territories landscape
Example of landform
Uluṟu in the landform
The earths spheres
Hydrosphere is all water, biosphere is all life, lithosphere is solid earth, atmosphere is gases (air)
Structure of the earth
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
What is the crust
The crust is the outermost layer of the earth.
What is the mantle
The mantle is the second layer of the earth, is the largest layer.
What is the outer core
The outer core is the 3rd layer of earth just outside of the inner core
What is the inner core
The inner core is the centre of earth and its temperature is 5200 degrees Celsius.
What are plate tectonics
The crust is broken down into large pieces called tectonic plates that are constantly moving very slowly.
Four types of plate boundaries and how they work
Divergent, boundaries move away from each other.
Convergent(subduction) boundaries move towards each other and one eventually is forced beneath the other.
Transform, when two boundaries slide past each other.
Convergent (collision) boundaries move towards each other and push up against each other.
3 Types of mountains and how they are formed.
Fold mountains formed by the convergent (collision) tectonic plate boundaries folding up.
Block mountains are formed by convergent(subduction) tectonic plate boundaries moving towards each other and slipping beneath.
Volcanic mountain formed by volcanic ash building up over time and eventually closes.
What is a volcano
A volcano is an opening in the earths crust.
Cross section of volcano
Volcano diagram.
Types of volcanoes, name example and description of.
Shield, cinder cone, composite, lava dome
How is a volcano formed
A volcano is formed by divergent tectonic plates moving apart and allowing lava to flow from the mantle onto the crust, building your and forming a volcano.
What is a hot spot
A hotspot is where an opening is in the crust and the magma is able to push up.
Coastal landscape: erosional and depositional.
Why are coasts important with respect to economic, social, cultural, and recreational factors.
How do coasts change (dynamic coast epub)
They can change by erosion or deposition and human activity.
How is a wave formed explain and draw annotated diagram
Waves are formed by wind pushing the water forwards, during storms when the wind is stronger and the waves will be larger.
Types of waves, constructive, destructive.
Constructive waves deposit sand and other minerals whereas destructive waves take away from the coast.
How a stack is formed with an annotated diagram.
A stack is formed when a a crack is created by destructive waves and they continue to break away at the headland until it forms a cave and then grows larger and then eventually it breaks through the headland and creates arch, the top of the arch will continue to break away and then the top of the arch will break off in most likely a storm and leaves a stack which can continue to develop and break to become a stump. (Hydraulic action and abrasion)
Sand dune - how formed/ importance of.
Sand dunes are formed by sand being moved onto the beach by swash and constructive waves, the wind moves the sand up the beach and creates a foredune, grasses and small plants will eventually grow on the foredune and back dune which will help to keep the sand dunes secure.
Erosion and deposition definitions
Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down by natural forces and deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by natural forces.
Coastal management strategies.
PQE response.
Pattern, quantification (data), exception.
Different types of landscapes
Desert, cliff, rainforest, plain
Parts of a wave, labelled diagram including: crest, trough, wavelength, fetch, wave period, wave height.
Crest is the top of the wave, tough is the lowest part of the wave, wavelength is from one wave to another, the fetch is the length of wind, the wave period is the time required for the wave crest at point A to reach point B, the wave height is the height of the wave is the crest to the trough.
how a wave breaks.
As a wave gets closer to the shore there becomes more friction from the seabed beneath causing the orbit to become elliptical until eventually the top of the wave breaks over.
Define swash and backwash.
Swash is depositing onto the coast, most common in constructive waves. Backwash is taking away from the coast line, this is most common in destructive waves.
What are coastal processes.
Coastal processes are ways in which sediment is moved around the coastal system.
What is hydraulic action, corrosion, attrition, abrasion.
Hydraulic action is the taking away of rock particles from the coast. Corrosion is acidic seawater that can break away certain rocks that are weak or vulnerable to being dissolved (limestone & chalk). Attrition is using rocks that have been previously broken off of the cliff and the waves firing them back at the cliff. Abrasion Pieces break away rub against each other smoooooooth.
