Muscular System

Question 1

Types of Muscles

Answer 1

Cardiac - Involuntary
Smooth - Involuntary
Skeletal - Voluntary

Question 2

Function of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 2

Produce movement, attach to bones using tendons, contract to cause movement

Question 3

Line of Pull

Answer 3

The direction of which a muscle is pulled

Question 4

Origin

Answer 4

Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscle contraction

Question 5

Insertion of Muscle

Answer 5

Muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts

Question 6

Principles of Muscle Action

Answer 6

Muscle must cross at a joint to act on it, How a muscle crosses the joint reflects the action, when a muscle shortens it extends the joint

Question 7

Fixator

Answer 7

Stabilizes other joints to prevent unwanted movement

Question 8

Synergist

Answer 8

Help agonist muscle

Question 9

Agonist

Answer 9

Primary mover

Question 10

Antagonist

Answer 10

Opposite reaction, provides resistance

Question 11

Origin of the Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 11

Upper part of manubrium, anterior border of medial 1/3 clavicle

Question 12

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 12

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 13

Function of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Flexion of head

Question 14

Origin of external obliques

Answer 14

Lower body of 8 lower ribs

Question 15

Insertion of external obliques

Answer 15

Anterior half of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis, (connective tissue) to crest of pubis and linea alba

Question 16

Function of external obliques

Answer 16

Flexion of trunk, lateral flexion and rotation of trunk, tenses abdominal wall for protection

Question 17

Origin of rectus abdominis

Answer 17

Crest of pubis

Question 18

Insertion of rectus abdominis

Answer 18

Coastal cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs

Question 19

Function of rectus abdominis

Answer 19

Tenses abdominal wall

Question 20

Origin of Trapezius

Answer 20

Nuchal line of occipital bone, vertebral spines c1-c7, vertebral spines t1-t12

Question 21

Insertion of Trapezius

Answer 21

Posterior border, lateral 1/3 of clavicle, upper surface of acromion, upper border of scapular spine

Question 22

Function of Trapezius

Answer 22

Upward rotation, elevation, depression, extension of neck, hyperextension, retraction of scapula

Question 23

Origin of Infraspinatus

Answer 23

Infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Question 24

Insertion of Infraspinatus

Answer 24

Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 25

Function of Infraspinatus

Answer 25

Lateral rotation of humerus, abduction of shoulder, stabilizer of head of humerus

Question 26

SITS Muscles

Answer 26

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

Question 27

Origin of the Pectoralis Major

Answer 27

Anterior surface, Proximal end of clavicle, Anterior surface of sternum, Costal cartilage of upper 6 ribs

Question 28

Insertion of Pectoralis Major

Answer 28

Bicipital groove of humerus (superior/lateral aspect of humerus)

Question 29

Function of Pectoralis Major

Answer 29

Flexion and adduction of shoulder joint, medial rotation of arm

Question 30

Origin of Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 30

Vertebral spines t7-L5, posterior surface of sacrum, crest of ilium, lower 3 ribs

Question 31

Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 31

Bicipital groove of humerus

Question 32

Function of Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 32

Extension, Hyperextension, adduction of humerus, medial rotation of arm

Question 33

Origin of Deltoid

Answer 33

anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle, middle-superior surface of acromion, posterior-lower border of scapular spine.

Question 34

Insertion of Deltoid

Answer 34

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 35

Function of Deltoid

Answer 35

anterior- flexion/medial rotation of humerus, middle- abduction of humerus, posterior- extends/laterally rotates humerus

Question 36

Origin of Bicep Brachii

Answer 36

short head: coracoid process of scapula long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Question 37

Insertion of Bicep Brachii

Answer 37

Radial tuberosity of radius, proximal ulnar aponeurosis

Question 38

Function of Bicep Brachii

Answer 38

Flexion of elbow and shoulder, supination of forearm

Question 39

Origin of Brachialis

Answer 39

Distal half of anterior aspect

Question 40

Insertion of Brachialis

Answer 40

Coronoid process of ulna

Question 41

Function of Brachialis

Answer 41

Flexion of elbow

Question 42

Origin of Triceps Brachii

Answer 42

origin of triceps brachii long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scalpula. lateral head: superior, posterior surface of humerus. medial head: inferior, posterior medial surfaces of humerus

Question 43

Insertion of Triceps Brachii

Answer 43

Olecranon process of ulna

Question 44

Function of Triceps Brachii

Answer 44

Extends elbow and shoulder

Question 45

Origin of Brachioradialis

Answer 45

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Question 46

Insertion of Brachioradialis

Answer 46

Styloid process of radius

Question 47

Function of Brachioradialis

Answer 47

Flexion

Question 48

Origin of Pronator Teres

Answer 48

Medial epicondyle of humerus, coracoid process of ulna

Question 49

Insertion of Pronator Teres

Answer 49

Middle 1/3 of lateral surface pf radius

Question 50

Function of Pronator Teres

Answer 50

Pronation of forearm, aids in flexion of elbow

Question 51

Origin of Supinator

Answer 51

Lateral of epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna

Question 52

Insertion of Supinator

Answer 52

Lateral, Anterior, Upper 1/3 of radius

Question 53

Function of Supinator

Answer 53

Supination of forearm

Question 54

What muscles make up the Quads

Answer 54

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus lateralis

Question 55

Where do the Quad muscles insert

Answer 55

Tibial Tuberosity

Question 56

What function do all the quadriceps muscles work towards

Answer 56

Extension of the knee, the rectus femoris also works the flex flexor

Question 57

Origin of rectus femoris

Answer 57

Anterior inferior iliac spine, brim of the acetabulum of ilium

Question 58

Where does the adductor longus insert

Answer 58

Linea aspera of femur

Question 59

Where do the vastus medialis and lateralis originate

Answer 59

linea aspera

Question 60

Function of tibialis anterior

Answer 60

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Question 61

Muscles that make up the hamstring

Answer 61

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, bicep femorsis

Question 62

Common site of origin of the Hamstring muscle is

Answer 62

Tibial Tuberosity

Question 63

Function of hamstring muscle

Answer 63

Flexion of knee and extension of hip

Question 64

Slowest muscle in the body

Answer 64

Soleus

Question 65

Function of soleus

Answer 65

Plantar flexion

Question 66

Where do gastrocnemius and soleus insert

Answer 66

Calcaneus via achilles tendon

Question 67

Origin of gastrocnemius

Answer 67

Medial and lateral condyles of femur

Question 68

Function of gastrocnemius

Answer 68

Plantar flexion, flexion of the knee