Muscular System

Question 1

Mycologists

Answer 1

Study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles

Question 2

Muscles

Answer 2

40-50% of body weight
Produce movement when stimulated

Question 3

Functions of muscular system

Answer 3

Movement of body
Involvement in functions of other body systems
Support skeleton
Contour the body

Question 4

Two types of muscle tissue

Answer 4

Voluntary or striated- responds to commands
Involuntary or non striated- respond automatically

Question 5

Cardiac heart muscle

Answer 5

Functions involuntarily

Question 6

Anterior

Answer 6

In front of

Question 7

Posterior

Answer 7

Behind or in back of

Question 8

Superioris

Answer 8

Above or is larger

Question 9

Inferioris

Answer 9

Below or smaller

Question 10

Levator

Answer 10

Lifts up

Question 11

Depressor

Answer 11

Draws down or depresses

Question 12

Dilator

Answer 12

Opens, enlarges, or expands

Question 13

3 parts of the muscle

Answer 13

1- origin: nonmoving (fixed) portion, attached to bones or other fixed muscle
2- belly: midsection of muscle
3- insertion: portion of muscle joined to movable attachments; bones, movable muscles, or skin

Question 14

Muscles produce movement through

Answer 14

Contraction and expansion

Question 15

Methods to stimulate muscular tissue

Answer 15

Massage
Electric current
Temperature
Nerve impulses
Chemicals

Question 16

Scalp muscles

Answer 16

Epicranium: structures above the cranium, including muscle, skin, and aponeuroses
Epicranius: formed by 2 muscles joined by the aponeuroses tendon
1- frontalis
2- occipitalis

Question 17

Frontalis

Answer 17

Extends from forehead to top of skull, raises eyebrows or draws scalp forward

Question 18

Occipitalis

Answer 18

Located at nape of neck
Draws scalp back

Question 19

Ear muscles

Answer 19

1: Auricularus anterior - in front of ear
2: Auricularus superior - above ear
3: Auricularus posterior - behind ear

Question 20

Eye and nose muscles

Answer 20

1: corrugator- between eyebrows, controls, draws in and downward
2: levator palpebrae superioris- above eyelids, raises
3: Orbicularis oculi- circles eye socket, closes eyelid
4: procerus - between eyebrows, across bridge of nose; draws brows down, wrinkles area across bridge of nose

Question 21

Mouth muscles

Answer 21

1: Orbicularis or is- circles mouth, puckers and wrinkles, kisses or whistles
2: quadratus labii superioris- 3 pats above upper lip, raises nostrils, upper lip, expresses distaste
3: quadratus labii inferioris- below lower lip, pulls lip down or to side, expressing sarcasm
4: mentalis- tip of chin, pushes lower lip up and wrinkles chin, expressing doubt
5: risorius- corner of mouth, draws mouth up and out as in grinning
6: canius- above corners of mou5, snarling
7: triangularis- corners of mouth, draws mouth down, depression
8: zygomaticus- major and minor, outside corners of mouth, draws mouth up and back, laughing
9: buccinator - between jaws and cheek, responsible for compressing cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing

Question 22

Mastication muscles (chewing)

Answer 22

1: temporalis - above and in front of the ear, lens and closes jaw, as in chewing
2: Masseter - covers hinge of jaw, aids in closing jaw, as in chewing

Question 23

Mastication muscles (chewing)

Answer 23

1: temporalis - above and in front of the ear, lens and closes jaw, as in chewing
2: Masseter - covers hinge of jaw, aids in closing jaw, as in chewing

Question 24

Neck and back muscles

Answer 24

Platysma- extends from tip of chin to shoulders and chest, draws lower lip and corner of mouth sideways and down, partially open ending mouth (surprise or fright)
Sternocleidomastoideus- extends alongside neck from ear to collarbone - causes head to move side to side and up and down, nodding yes or no
Trapezius- flat triangular covers upper and back part of neck and shoulders, drawing head back and elevating shoulder blades
Latissimus dorsi- flat triangular, covers lumbar-lower back- region and lower half of thoracic region, aids in swinging arms

Question 25

Shoulder, chest, and arm muscles

Answer 25

Pectoralis major and minor- across chest, assists swinging arms
Serratus anterior- under arm, helps lift arm and breathing
Deltoid- triangle shaped covers shoulders, lifts or turns arm
Biceps- primary muscle in upper arm, raises forearm, bends elbow, turns palm of hand down
Triceps- extends upper length of arm to forearm, controls forward movement of forearm
Supination- parallel to ulnar, turns palms up
Pronation- turns palm downward and inward
Flexor- mid forearm, bends wrist and closes fingers
Extensor - outside of arm, straightens fingers and wrists

Question 26

Hand muscles

Answer 26

Abductor - stretches over fingers, separates fingers
Adductor - stretches over fingers, draws fingers together
Opponens- palm of hand, causes thumb to move toward fingers, gives ability to grasp or make fist

Question 27

Leg muscles

Answer 27

Tribalism anterior - covers front of shin, bends foot upward and inward
Gastrocnemius- back of leg, pulls foot down
Peroneus longus - causes foot to invert and turn outward
Peroneus breves - bends foot down and out
Soleus- bends foot down
Extensor digitorum longus - bends foot up and extends toes
Extensor hallucinations longus- extends big toe and flexes foot

Question 28

Foot muscles

Answer 28

Flexor digiti minimi breves - flexes joint of small toe
Flexor digitorum brevis- flexes toes
Abductor hallucinations - moves big toe away from other toes
Abductor digiti minimi - moves smallest toe away from other toes