Muscular System Flashcards
Mycologists
Study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles
Muscles
40-50% of body weight
Produce movement when stimulated
Functions of muscular system
Movement of body
Involvement in functions of other body systems
Support skeleton
Contour the body
Two types of muscle tissue
Voluntary or striated- responds to commands
Involuntary or non striated- respond automatically
Cardiac heart muscle
Functions involuntarily
Anterior
In front of
Posterior
Behind or in back of
Superioris
Above or is larger
Inferioris
Below or smaller
Levator
Lifts up
Depressor
Draws down or depresses
Dilator
Opens, enlarges, or expands
3 parts of the muscle
1- origin: nonmoving (fixed) portion, attached to bones or other fixed muscle
2- belly: midsection of muscle
3- insertion: portion of muscle joined to movable attachments; bones, movable muscles, or skin
Muscles produce movement through
Contraction and expansion
Methods to stimulate muscular tissue
Massage
Electric current
Temperature
Nerve impulses
Chemicals
Scalp muscles
Epicranium: structures above the cranium, including muscle, skin, and aponeuroses
Epicranius: formed by 2 muscles joined by the aponeuroses tendon
1- frontalis
2- occipitalis
Frontalis
Extends from forehead to top of skull, raises eyebrows or draws scalp forward
Occipitalis
Located at nape of neck
Draws scalp back
Ear muscles
1: Auricularus anterior - in front of ear
2: Auricularus superior - above ear
3: Auricularus posterior - behind ear
Eye and nose muscles
1: corrugator- between eyebrows, controls, draws in and downward
2: levator palpebrae superioris- above eyelids, raises
3: Orbicularis oculi- circles eye socket, closes eyelid
4: procerus - between eyebrows, across bridge of nose; draws brows down, wrinkles area across bridge of nose
Mouth muscles
1: Orbicularis or is- circles mouth, puckers and wrinkles, kisses or whistles
2: quadratus labii superioris- 3 pats above upper lip, raises nostrils, upper lip, expresses distaste
3: quadratus labii inferioris- below lower lip, pulls lip down or to side, expressing sarcasm
4: mentalis- tip of chin, pushes lower lip up and wrinkles chin, expressing doubt
5: risorius- corner of mouth, draws mouth up and out as in grinning
6: canius- above corners of mou5, snarling
7: triangularis- corners of mouth, draws mouth down, depression
8: zygomaticus- major and minor, outside corners of mouth, draws mouth up and back, laughing
9: buccinator - between jaws and cheek, responsible for compressing cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing
Mastication muscles (chewing)
1: temporalis - above and in front of the ear, lens and closes jaw, as in chewing
2: Masseter - covers hinge of jaw, aids in closing jaw, as in chewing
Mastication muscles (chewing)
1: temporalis - above and in front of the ear, lens and closes jaw, as in chewing
2: Masseter - covers hinge of jaw, aids in closing jaw, as in chewing
Neck and back muscles
Platysma- extends from tip of chin to shoulders and chest, draws lower lip and corner of mouth sideways and down, partially open ending mouth (surprise or fright)
Sternocleidomastoideus- extends alongside neck from ear to collarbone - causes head to move side to side and up and down, nodding yes or no
Trapezius- flat triangular covers upper and back part of neck and shoulders, drawing head back and elevating shoulder blades
Latissimus dorsi- flat triangular, covers lumbar-lower back- region and lower half of thoracic region, aids in swinging arms
Shoulder, chest, and arm muscles
Pectoralis major and minor- across chest, assists swinging arms
Serratus anterior- under arm, helps lift arm and breathing
Deltoid- triangle shaped covers shoulders, lifts or turns arm
Biceps- primary muscle in upper arm, raises forearm, bends elbow, turns palm of hand down
Triceps- extends upper length of arm to forearm, controls forward movement of forearm
Supination- parallel to ulnar, turns palms up
Pronation- turns palm downward and inward
Flexor- mid forearm, bends wrist and closes fingers
Extensor - outside of arm, straightens fingers and wrists
Hand muscles
Abductor - stretches over fingers, separates fingers
Adductor - stretches over fingers, draws fingers together
Opponens- palm of hand, causes thumb to move toward fingers, gives ability to grasp or make fist
Leg muscles
Tribalism anterior - covers front of shin, bends foot upward and inward
Gastrocnemius- back of leg, pulls foot down
Peroneus longus - causes foot to invert and turn outward
Peroneus breves - bends foot down and out
Soleus- bends foot down
Extensor digitorum longus - bends foot up and extends toes
Extensor hallucinations longus- extends big toe and flexes foot
Foot muscles
Flexor digiti minimi breves - flexes joint of small toe
Flexor digitorum brevis- flexes toes
Abductor hallucinations - moves big toe away from other toes
Abductor digiti minimi - moves smallest toe away from other toes
