Muscular System

Question 0

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 0

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

Question 1

Root word for muscle and its origin:

Answer 1

Mus; Latin

Question 2

Where is skeletal muscle generally located?

Answer 2

On a bone

Question 3

Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 3

Voluntary

Question 4

What shape are skeletal muscles?

Answer 4

Striated; They appear to be striped

Question 5

Functions of skeletal muscles:

Answer 5

Produce movement
Maintain body posture
Stabilize joints
Produce heat/Maintain body temperature

Question 6

Can skeletal muscles easily regenerate?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Where is smooth muscle generally found?

Answer 7

In the walls of viscera

E.g. : Stomach, Bronchial tubes

Question 8

Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 8

Involuntary

Question 9

What are three characteristics of smooth muscle contraction?

Answer 9

Smooth muscle contraction is slower and continues for a longer time period

Smooth muscle regenerates better than skeletal muscle

Greater degree of stretchiness

Question 10

How many places in the body can cardiac muscle be found in?

Answer 10

One

Question 11

Give a description of smooth muscles.

Answer 11

Non-striated and involuntary

Question 12

Give a description of cardiac muscles.

Answer 12

Striated

involuntary

Question 13

Describe cardiac muscle cells.

Answer 13

Long branching cells that fit together tightly at junctions called intercalated discs

Question 14

What is the belly of the muscle?

Answer 14

The enlarged fleshy body of the muscle between the slender point of attachment.

Question 15

Define fascia.

Answer 15

Layers of tough connective tissue surrounding a large skeletal muscle

Question 16

Define epimysium.

Answer 16

The outer layer of fascia

Question 17

Define perimysium.

Answer 17

Another layer of connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of muscle fibers

Question 18

Define fascicles.

Answer 18

The bundles of muscle fibers that are surrounded by perimysium.

Question 19

Define define endomysium.

Answer 19

A third layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers that are found within the fascicles.

Question 20

What forms a tendon and what does it look like?

Answer 20

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. They attach the bone as a tendon (long cord-like structure)

Question 21

Define compartment syndrome or crush syndrome.

Answer 21

Condition caused by severe crush injury the damages the muscle therefore inflaming it. At this point the muscle begins to leak fluid into the compartment. Pressure within the compartment increases and compresses the nerves and blood cells, depriving muscles and their nerves of oxygen and nourishment.

Question 22

Name the three types of muscle attachments.

Answer 22

1: Tendon attaches muscle to bone
2: Muscle attaches directly to bone or soft tissue
3: Aponeurosis connects muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

Question 23

What is Aponeurosis?

Answer 23

Flat sheet like fascia

Question 24

Explain the difference between origin and insertion.

Answer 24

Origin: Where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone Insertion: Where the muscle attaches to the movable bone

Question 25

Define prime mover.

Answer 25

The chief muscle or single muscle that is generally responsible for most of the movement

Question 26

Define synergists.

Answer 26

Helper muscles that work with other muscles

Question 27

Define antagonists.

Answer 27

Muscles that oppose the action of another muscle.

Question 28

Define hypertrophy.

Answer 28

Response to muscle overuse (Giant muscles)

Question 29

Define this disuse atrophy.

Answer 29

When a muscle decreases in size because of lack of exercise

Question 30

Define denervation atrophy.

Answer 30

Muscle atrophy due to the severing of nerves that lead to the muscle

Question 31

Defined senile atrophy.

Answer 31

Muscle atrophy that's part of the normal aging process

Question 32

Define contracture

Answer 32

Abnormal formation of fibrous tissue within the muscle that usually develops if a muscle is immobilized for a prolonged period

Question 33

Vastus

Answer 33

Huge

Question 34

Maximus

Answer 34

Large

Question 35

Longus

Answer 35

Long

Question 36

Minimus

Answer 36

Small

Question 37

Brevis

Answer 37

Short

Question 38

Deltoid

Answer 38

Triangular

Question 39

Latissimus

Answer 39

Wide

Question 40

Trapezius

Answer 40

Trapezoid

Question 41

Rhomboideus

Answer 41

Rhomboid

Question 42

Teres

Answer 42

Round

Question 43

Rectus

Answer 43

Straight

Question 44

Oblique

Answer 44

Diagonal

Question 45

Transverse

Answer 45

Across

Question 46

Circularis

Answer 46

Circular

Question 47

Which facial muscle is responsible for wrinkling your four head?

Answer 47

Frontalis

Question 48

Muscle that allows us to whistle, suck, and play trumpet; helps comfort hungry baby.

Answer 48

Buccinator

Question 49

Which muscles are considered some of the strongest on the body?

Answer 49

Mastication muscles

Question 50

What is the masseter muscle?

Answer 50

Closes the jaw

Question 51

What does TIRE stand for?

Answer 51

Transversus abdominis Internal oblique Rectus abdominis External oblique