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Medical Assisting: Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

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1
Q

Root word for muscle and its origin:

A

Mus; Latin

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2
Q

Where is skeletal muscle generally located?

A

On a bone

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3
Q

Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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4
Q

What shape are skeletal muscles?

A

Striated; They appear to be striped

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5
Q

Functions of skeletal muscles:

A

Produce movement
Maintain body posture
Stabilize joints
Produce heat/Maintain body temperature

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6
Q

Can skeletal muscles easily regenerate?

A

No

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7
Q

Where is smooth muscle generally found?

A

In the walls of viscera

E.g. : Stomach, Bronchial tubes

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8
Q

Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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9
Q

What are three characteristics of smooth muscle contraction?

A

Smooth muscle contraction is slower and continues for a longer time period

Smooth muscle regenerates better than skeletal muscle

Greater degree of stretchiness

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10
Q

How many places in the body can cardiac muscle be found in?

A

One

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11
Q

Give a description of smooth muscles.

A

Non-striated and involuntary

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12
Q

Give a description of cardiac muscles.

A

Striated

involuntary

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13
Q

Describe cardiac muscle cells.

A

Long branching cells that fit together tightly at junctions called intercalated discs

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14
Q

What is the belly of the muscle?

A

The enlarged fleshy body of the muscle between the slender point of attachment.

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15
Q

Define fascia.

A

Layers of tough connective tissue surrounding a large skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Define epimysium.

A

The outer layer of fascia

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17
Q

Define perimysium.

A

Another layer of connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of muscle fibers

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18
Q

Define fascicles.

A

The bundles of muscle fibers that are surrounded by perimysium.

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19
Q

Define define endomysium.

A

A third layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers that are found within the fascicles.

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20
Q

What forms a tendon and what does it look like?

A

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. They attach the bone as a tendon (long cord-like structure)

21
Q

Define compartment syndrome or crush syndrome.

A

Condition caused by severe crush injury the damages the muscle therefore inflaming it. At this point the muscle begins to leak fluid into the compartment. Pressure within the compartment increases and compresses the nerves and blood cells, depriving muscles and their nerves of oxygen and nourishment.

22
Q

Name the three types of muscle attachments.

A

1: Tendon attaches muscle to bone
2: Muscle attaches directly to bone or soft tissue
3: Aponeurosis connects muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

23
Q

What is Aponeurosis?

A

Flat sheet like fascia

24
Q

Explain the difference between origin and insertion.

A

Origin: Where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone

Insertion: Where the muscle attaches to the movable bone

25
Q

Define prime mover.

A

The chief muscle or single muscle that is generally responsible for most of the movement

26
Q

Define synergists.

A

Helper muscles that work with other muscles

27
Q

Define antagonists.

A

Muscles that oppose the action of another muscle.

28
Q

Define hypertrophy.

A

Response to muscle overuse (Giant muscles)

29
Q

Define this disuse atrophy.

A

When a muscle decreases in size because of lack of exercise

30
Q

Define denervation atrophy.

A

Muscle atrophy due to the severing of nerves that lead to the muscle

31
Q

Defined senile atrophy.

A

Muscle atrophy that’s part of the normal aging process

32
Q

Define contracture

A

Abnormal formation of fibrous tissue within the muscle that usually develops if a muscle is immobilized for a prolonged period

33
Q

Vastus

A

Huge

34
Q

Maximus

A

Large

35
Q

Longus

A

Long

36
Q

Minimus

A

Small

37
Q

Brevis

A

Short

38
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangular

39
Q

Latissimus

A

Wide

40
Q

Trapezius

A

Trapezoid

41
Q

Rhomboideus

A

Rhomboid

42
Q

Teres

A

Round

43
Q

Rectus

A

Straight

44
Q

Oblique

A

Diagonal

45
Q

Transverse

A

Across

46
Q

Circularis

A

Circular

47
Q

Which facial muscle is responsible for wrinkling your four head?

A

Frontalis

48
Q

Muscle that allows us to whistle, suck, and play trumpet; helps comfort hungry baby.

A

Buccinator

49
Q

Which muscles are considered some of the strongest on the body?

A

Mastication muscles

50
Q

What is the masseter muscle?

A

Closes the jaw

51
Q

What does TIRE stand for?

A

Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
External oblique

Medical Assisting: Anatomy (6 decks)

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