Muscular System Flashcards
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Root word for muscle and its origin:
Mus; Latin
Where is skeletal muscle generally located?
On a bone
Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
What shape are skeletal muscles?
Striated; They appear to be striped
Functions of skeletal muscles:
Produce movement
Maintain body posture
Stabilize joints
Produce heat/Maintain body temperature
Can skeletal muscles easily regenerate?
No
Where is smooth muscle generally found?
In the walls of viscera
E.g. : Stomach, Bronchial tubes
Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
What are three characteristics of smooth muscle contraction?
Smooth muscle contraction is slower and continues for a longer time period
Smooth muscle regenerates better than skeletal muscle
Greater degree of stretchiness
How many places in the body can cardiac muscle be found in?
One
Give a description of smooth muscles.
Non-striated and involuntary
Give a description of cardiac muscles.
Striated
involuntary
Describe cardiac muscle cells.
Long branching cells that fit together tightly at junctions called intercalated discs
What is the belly of the muscle?
The enlarged fleshy body of the muscle between the slender point of attachment.
Define fascia.
Layers of tough connective tissue surrounding a large skeletal muscle
Define epimysium.
The outer layer of fascia
Define perimysium.
Another layer of connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of muscle fibers
Define fascicles.
The bundles of muscle fibers that are surrounded by perimysium.
Define define endomysium.
A third layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers that are found within the fascicles.
What forms a tendon and what does it look like?
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. They attach the bone as a tendon (long cord-like structure)
Define compartment syndrome or crush syndrome.
Condition caused by severe crush injury the damages the muscle therefore inflaming it. At this point the muscle begins to leak fluid into the compartment. Pressure within the compartment increases and compresses the nerves and blood cells, depriving muscles and their nerves of oxygen and nourishment.
Name the three types of muscle attachments.
1: Tendon attaches muscle to bone
2: Muscle attaches directly to bone or soft tissue
3: Aponeurosis connects muscle to muscle or muscle to bone
What is Aponeurosis?
Flat sheet like fascia
Explain the difference between origin and insertion.
Origin: Where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone
Insertion: Where the muscle attaches to the movable bone
Define prime mover.
The chief muscle or single muscle that is generally responsible for most of the movement
Define synergists.
Helper muscles that work with other muscles
Define antagonists.
Muscles that oppose the action of another muscle.
Define hypertrophy.
Response to muscle overuse (Giant muscles)
Define this disuse atrophy.
When a muscle decreases in size because of lack of exercise
Define denervation atrophy.
Muscle atrophy due to the severing of nerves that lead to the muscle
Defined senile atrophy.
Muscle atrophy that’s part of the normal aging process
Define contracture
Abnormal formation of fibrous tissue within the muscle that usually develops if a muscle is immobilized for a prolonged period
Vastus
Huge
Maximus
Large
Longus
Long
Minimus
Small
Brevis
Short
Deltoid
Triangular
Latissimus
Wide
Trapezius
Trapezoid
Rhomboideus
Rhomboid
Teres
Round
Rectus
Straight
Oblique
Diagonal
Transverse
Across
Circularis
Circular
Which facial muscle is responsible for wrinkling your four head?
Frontalis
Muscle that allows us to whistle, suck, and play trumpet; helps comfort hungry baby.
Buccinator
Which muscles are considered some of the strongest on the body?
Mastication muscles
What is the masseter muscle?
Closes the jaw
What does TIRE stand for?
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
