Muscular System Flashcards
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Root word for muscle and its origin:
Mus; Latin
Where is skeletal muscle generally located?
On a bone
Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
What shape are skeletal muscles?
Striated; They appear to be striped
Functions of skeletal muscles:
Produce movement
Maintain body posture
Stabilize joints
Produce heat/Maintain body temperature
Can skeletal muscles easily regenerate?
No
Where is smooth muscle generally found?
In the walls of viscera
E.g. : Stomach, Bronchial tubes
Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
What are three characteristics of smooth muscle contraction?
Smooth muscle contraction is slower and continues for a longer time period
Smooth muscle regenerates better than skeletal muscle
Greater degree of stretchiness
How many places in the body can cardiac muscle be found in?
One
Give a description of smooth muscles.
Non-striated and involuntary
Give a description of cardiac muscles.
Striated
involuntary
Describe cardiac muscle cells.
Long branching cells that fit together tightly at junctions called intercalated discs
What is the belly of the muscle?
The enlarged fleshy body of the muscle between the slender point of attachment.
Define fascia.
Layers of tough connective tissue surrounding a large skeletal muscle
Define epimysium.
The outer layer of fascia
Define perimysium.
Another layer of connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of muscle fibers
Define fascicles.
The bundles of muscle fibers that are surrounded by perimysium.
Define define endomysium.
A third layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers that are found within the fascicles.
What forms a tendon and what does it look like?
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. They attach the bone as a tendon (long cord-like structure)
Origin
The part of the muscle attached to the more immovable structure
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium storing endoplasmic reticulum located in muscle
Smooth muscle
Non-striated involuntary muscle found in tubes and organs
Aponeurosis
Broad flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to another structure
Actin
One of the contractile proteins in muscle also called thin filaments
Sarcomere
Contractile unit of muscle extending from z lines to z line
Insertion
The more movable attachment point of a muscle to a bone
Synergist
A muscle that assists or works when another muscle
Myosin
Muscle proteins that interacts with actin to call muscle contraction
Also called thick filament
Tendon
Cord like structure that attaches muscle to a bone
