Muscular System

Question 1

Main Functions of the muscular system

Answer 1

Create movement.
Maintain Posture.
Maintain bodily functions.

Question 2

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 2

Skeletal: Bone Attached, moves body.
Smooth: Autonomic bodily function organs.
Cardiac: Specialized autonomic heart muscles

Question 3

Roles of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Answer 3

Produces movement.
Maintain posture.
Stabilize joints.
Generate Heat.

Question 4

Properties of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 4

Contractility
Extensibility
Excitability
Elasticity

Question 5

Increasing number of muscle fibres

Answer 5

Hyperplasia.

Question 6

Increasing number of muscle fibres

Answer 6

Hyperplasia.

Question 7

Muscle cell name.

Answer 7

Muscle Fibres

Question 8

Role of Synergists

Answer 8

Assist Prime mover with additional force.

Including acting as fixators.

Question 9

Role of Synergists

Answer 9

Assist Prime mover with additional force.

Including acting as fixators.

Question 10

Origin def

Answer 10

End of the muscle attaching to the non moving bone

Question 11

Insertion

Answer 11

End of muscle attaching to moving bone

Question 12

Belly

Answer 12

Muscle tissue between tendons of origin and insertion

Question 13

Origin of rectus femoris

Answer 13

anterior iliac crest

Question 14

Insertion of rectus femoris

Answer 14

Proximal tibia via the patella

Question 15

Isotonic movements

Answer 15

Muscle produces force while lengthening or shortening

Question 16

Types of contractions

Answer 16

Concentric,
Eccentric,
Isometric

Question 17

Types of contractions

Answer 17

Concentric,
Eccentric,
Isometric

Question 18

All properties of type 1 fibre

Answer 18

Red/Slow
Fatigue Resistant.
Most of postural/tonic muscles.
Highly adapted for aerobic metabolism.
Recruited first.
Many mitochondria.
High concentration of myoglobin.
Small Motor Neurone.

Question 19

All properties of type 2 fibre

Answer 19

Fatigue Easily.
Most of phasic muscles.
Adapted for anaerobic metabolism.
Recruited after type 1.
Low Mitochondria.
Low/nil myoglobin.
High creatine.
Large motor neurone.

Question 20

Type 2A fibre

Answer 20

Transitional, can improve aerobic function with training stimulus.

Question 21

Type 2B Fibre

Answer 21

Classic white, cannot improve aerobic function.

Question 22

Motor Unit

Answer 22

Motor neuron and and all muscle fibres it innervates.

Question 23

Gross muscle function

Answer 23

High ratio of muscle fibres to one nerve.

Question 24

Fine muscle function

Answer 24

Low ratio of fibres to one nerve

Question 25

Postural Muscles

Answer 25

Support the body when sitting, standing or lying. Also called tonic. Strong muscles that usually require preferential stretching. (High % Red fibre)

Question 26

Phasic Muscles

Answer 26

Generate & maintain movement. Work in association with postural muscles. Require strengthening, especially with age. (High % White fibre)

Question 27

Muscle structure hierachy

Answer 27

Muscle
Fascicle
Myofibre
Myofibril
Myofilaments

Question 28

How muscles fire

Answer 28

Nerve impulse via motor nerve.
Chemical messenger causes release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
presence of calcium allows myosin and actin cross bridging. allowing them to slide past, shortening the sarcomere.
Breakdown of ATP to ADP +P release energy for cross bridging.