Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal Muscle (voluntary)
Fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle
Cardiac Muscle (involuntary)
Are only found in the heart
Smooth Muscle (involuntary)
Are called so because they do not have striations. These can be found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passageways of circulatory system
Exicability
Able to send electrical waves (action potential) along the entire length
Elasticity
Having the ability to recoil back to its original length
Extensibility
Allows muscles to stretch or extend
Contractility
Allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten
Fascicle
The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles
Epimysium
Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
Separates and surrounds fascicles
Endomysium
Surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber membrane
Myofibril
Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)
Sarcoplasm
Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)
Actin
Thin filaments
Myosin
Thick filaments
Subclavius
Small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib, depression
Serratus anterior
Muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest, protract
Trapezius
Either of a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck, rotates inferiorly
Rhomboid major
Skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column, rotates inferiorly
Pectoralis major
Thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle, situated at the chest of the human body, flexion
Latissimus dorsi
Large, flat muscle covering the width of the middle and lower back, medial rotation
Deltoid
Large triangular shaped muscle which lies over the glenohumeral joint, medial and lateral rotation
Supraspinatus
relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinous fossa superior portion of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus, abduction
Teres major
Small muscle that runs along the lateral border of the scapula, extension
Biceps brachii
Two-headed muscle of the arm, flexion
Triceps brachii
Muscle that runs down the back of the humerus, extension
Pronator teres
Muscle (located mainly in the forearm), pronation
Supinator
Muscle whose contraction produces or assists in the supination of a limb or part of a limb, supination
Iliacus
Triangular muscle which passes from the pelvis through the groin on either side and, together with the psoas, flexes the hip, flexion and lateral rotation
Gluteus maximus
Largest and heaviest muscle in the body, extension
Gluteus medius
Large fan-shaped muscle located in the posterior hip, abduction
Gluteus minimus
The smallest muscle of the glutei, abduction
Adductor longus
Skeletal muscle located in the thigh, flexion
Rectus femoris
Part of the quadriceps group, extension
Biceps femoris
Muscle in the back of the thigh which helps to flex the leg, flexion
Tibialis anterior
Along the upper two-thirds of the lateral, inversion
Extensor hallucis longus
Thin muscle, situated between the Tibialis anterior and the Extensor digitorum longus, dorsiflexion
Extensor digitorum longus
Feather-like muscle of the anterior (extensor) compartment of leg, dorsiflexion
Gastrocnemius
Chief muscle of the calf of the leg, which flexes the knee and foot. It runs to the Achilles tendon from two heads attached to the femur, dorsiflexion
Soleus
powerful lower limb muscle, plantar flexion
Tibialis posterior
Located deep in the posterior compartment of the lower leg and situated between the Flexor Digitorum Longus and the Flexor Hallucis Longus, plantar flexion
Flexor digitorum longus
Thin muscle that belongs to the deep posterior muscles of the leg. It runs from the posterior surface of the tibia, plantar flexion
Flexor hallucis longus
Powerful muscle located on the posterior aspect of the fibular below the deep fascia of the calf, flexion
