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Hosa Medical Terminology > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

fascia

A

flexible band of connective tissues that envelop, separates, or binds together muscles

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2
Q

tendon

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

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3
Q

innervation

A

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

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4
Q

contraction

A

tightening, becoming shorter and thicker, enlarged muscle

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5
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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6
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline

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7
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between 2 bones by bending link at joint

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8
Q

cicumduction

A

circular movement a the far end of a limb

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9
Q

supination

A

turning limb so that palm/sole is turned forward/upward

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10
Q

pronation

A

turning limb so that palm/sole is downward/backward

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11
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending foot upward at ankle

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12
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending foot downward at ankle

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13
Q

pectoral

A

relating to the chest

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14
Q

lacteralis

A

toward the side

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15
Q

medialis

A

toward the midline

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16
Q

obliqye

A

slanted at an angle

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17
Q

rectus

A

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

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18
Q

sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

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19
Q

transverse

A

crosswire direction

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20
Q

frontalis

A

muscles in the forehead

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21
Q

temporalis

A

msucles that move the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

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22
Q

masseter

A

muscle that moves the lower jaw to close the mouth when chewing

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23
Q

pectoralis major

A

makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in males and lies under the breast in females

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24
Q

external and internal oblique

A

flex and rotate the torso and spine

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25
rectus abdominis
helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine
26
transverse abdominis
on the side of the abdomen, engaged with laughs or coughs
27
deltoid
forms the muscular cap of the shoulder
28
trapezius
muscle moves the head and shoulder blade
29
biceps brachii
the anterior upper arm flexes the elbow
30
triceps brachii
the posterior upper arm extends the elbow
31
rectus femoris
extends the leg at the knee
32
quadriceps femoris
made up of 4 muscles that flex and extend the leg at the knee
33
gastrocnemius
the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward
34
fibromyalgia syndrome
debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain
35
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
36
chronic fatigue syndrome
debilitating and complex disorder of unknown cause characterized by profound fatigue
37
spasmodic torticollis
stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
38
intermittent claudication
pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise
39
contracture
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
40
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone that caused impairment of voluntary movement
41
adhesion
band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
42
atrophy
weakness/wearing away of body tissues and structures
43
myalgia
tenderness or pain in muscles
44
myocele
herniation of muscle substance through aa tear in the surrounding fascia
45
hernia
protrusion of apart of a structure through the containing tissue
46
myolysis
degeneration of muscle tissue
47
myorrhexis
rupture o tearing of muscle
48
polymyositis
simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
49
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass, strength, function with aging
50
dyskinesia
distortion/impairment of voluntary movement
51
nocturnal myoclonus
occurs as a person is falling asleep
52
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm causing hiccup with each spasm
53
myasthenia gravis
chronic autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction and producing serious weakness of voluntary muscles
54
duchenne muscular dystrophy
the most common affects primarily boy aged 3-5 and progresses rapidly
55
Becker muscular dystrophy
similar but less severe than DMD
56
compartment syndrome
involves compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating groups of muscles
57
overuse injuries
minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal
58
overuse tendinitis
inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint
59
impingement syndrome
when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between shoulder joint bones
60
rotator cuff tendinitis
inflammation of tendons of the rotator cuff; may lead to ruptured rotator cuff
61
carpal tunnel syndrome
occur when tendons passing through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
62
ganglion cyst
harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
63
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
64
heel spur
calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near attachment to the calcaneus bone (can cause plantar fasciitis)
65
shin splint
painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia
66
achilles tendinitis
painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress
67
Iliotibial band syndrome
overuse injury of the iliotibial band rubbing against bone
68
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
69
hemiparesis
slight paralysis affecting one side of the body
70
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting one side of the body
71
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
72
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
73
cardioplegia
paralysis of heart muscle
74
antispasmodic
administered to suppress smooth muscle contraction of the stomach, intestine, or bladder
75
neuromuscular blocker
a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking nerve stimuli transmission
76
myofascial release
specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions like fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome
77
occupational therapy
activites to promote recovery and rehab to perform activites of daily living
78
physical therapy
treatment to prevent disability or restore function through exercise, heat, massage, or other
79
therapeutic ultrasound
treating muscle injuries by generating heat deep within tissue
80
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
using a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin
81

Hosa Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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