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Anaphy > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

laziest muscle

A

glutes

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2
Q

Tubelike invaginations along the surface of the sarcolemma, which occur at regular intervals along the muscle fiber and extend inward into it

A

T tubule or transverse tubule

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3
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle. The smallest portion of skeletal muscle capable of contracting

A

Sarcomeres

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4
Q

Cell membrane of the muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

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5
Q

threadlike structures that extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other?

A

myofibrils

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6
Q

2 Major proteins of myofibrils

A

Myosin myofilament and actin myofilament

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7
Q

Major functions of muscular system

A
  1. Movement of the body
  2. Maintenance of posture
  3. Respiration
  4. Production of body heat
  5. Communication
  6. Constriction of organs and blood vessels
  7. Contraction of the cardiac muscle
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8
Q

Molecules are attached at specific intervals along the actin myofilament. These molecules have binding sites for Ca²+

A

Troponin

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9
Q

located along the groove between the twisted strands of actin myofilament subunits. Block the myosin myofilament binding sites on the actin myofilaments is an unstimulated muscle

A

Tropomyosin

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10
Q

3 important properties of myosin heads

A
  1. Heads can bind to attachment sites on the actin myofilament
  2. Can bend and straighten during contraction
  3. Can break down ATP, releasing energy
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11
Q

network of protein fibers forming an attachement site for actin myofilament

A

Z disk

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12
Q

consists only actin myofilament, spans each Z disk and ends at the myosin myofilament

A

I band

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13
Q

Darker central region in sarcomere, extends length of the myosin myofilament

A

A band

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14
Q

Center of each sarcomere is a second light zone. Consits only of myosin myofilament

A

H zone

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15
Q

Myosin myofilament are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark-staining band

A

M line

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16
Q

Inside of the membrane is negatively charge while the outside of the cell membrane iss positively charge

A

Polarized

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17
Q

Rapid depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane

A

Action potential

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18
Q

Specialized nerve cells that stimulate muscles to contract. Generate action potential that travel to skeletal muscle fibers

A

Motor neurons

19
Q

cell to cell junction between a nerve cell and either anoether nerve cell or an effector cell

A

synapse

20
Q

single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates constitute

A

motor unit

21
Q

Enlarged axon terminal

A

Presynaptic terminal

22
Q

space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber membrane

A

synaptic cleft

23
Q

muscle fiber membrane

A

postsynaptic membrane

24
Q

presynaptic terminal contains many small vesicles

A

synaptic vesicles

25
Q

synaptic vesicles contain _, fubctions as

A

acetylcholine , neurotransmitter

26
Q

the sliding of actin myofilament past myosin myofilament during contraction

A

sliding filament model

27
Q

Contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a stimulus.

A

muscle twitch

28
Q

3 phases of muscle twitch

A

lag phase, contraction phase, relaxation phase

29
Q

the force of contraction of individual muscle fibers is increased by rapidly stimulating them

A

summation

30
Q

Sustained contraction that occurs when the frequency of stimulation is rapid that no relaxation occurs

A

Tetanus

31
Q

the number of muscle fibers contracting is increased by increasing the number of motor units stimulated, and the muscle contracts with more force.

A

Recruitment

32
Q

occurs mostly in mitochondria, requires O² and breaks down glocuse to produce ATP, CO² and H²O. Process lipids or amink acids to make ATP.

A

Aerobic respiration

33
Q

Does not require O² breaks down glucose to produce ATP and lactate

A

Anaerobic Respiration

34
Q

the length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. Responsible for the constant length of the body’s postural muscles.

A

Isometric contractions

35
Q

Amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle decreasez

A

isotonic contractions

36
Q

muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens

A

concentric contractions

37
Q

tension is maintained in a muscle, but the opposing resistance causes the muscle to lengthen

A

Eccentric Contractions

38
Q

Constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time. Responsible for keeping the back and legs straight

A

Muscle Tone

39
Q

Members of a group of muscle working together to produce a movement

A

synergists

40
Q

Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement

A

Prime mover

41
Q

Facial Expression

A
  1. Occipitofrontalis
  2. orbicularis oculi
  3. orbicularis oris
  4. buccinator
  5. zygomaticus
  6. levator labii superioris
  7. depressir anguli oris
42
Q

Mastication

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. pterygoid
43
Q

neck muscles

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid
  2. torticollis
44
Q

Muscle moving the vertebral column

A
  1. erector spinae
  2. deep back muscles

Anaphy (3 decks)

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