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Oral science B > Muscles week 1 > Flashcards

Muscles week 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

muscles

A

Specialized cells with the property of contractility

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2
Q

name of a muscle cell

A

myoblast

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3
Q

basis of motion

A

change from chemical to mechanical energy by enzymatic cleavage of ATP (adenosine triphosphate - stores energy in muscles)

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4
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Skeletal, Smooth, & Cardiac

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5
Q

skeletal

A

Voluntary…muscles controlled by central & peripheral nervous system (pharynx, esophagus, tongue, facial expression & mastication)

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6
Q

smooth

A

Involuntary…under control of autonomic nervous system (located in organs, glands & lining of blood vessels)

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7
Q

cardiac

A

involuntary (wall & major veins of heart)

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8
Q

cardiac and skeletal are considered

A

striated Muscle cells appear to be “banded”
Muscle cell is like a fiber

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9
Q

perimysium

A

covers each muscle fiber

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10
Q

epimysium

A

covers the entire muscle

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11
Q

myofibril

A

Any of the threadlike fibrils that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber and are made up chiefly of actin and myosin filaments.

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12
Q

each myofibril contains

A

actin & myosin (proteins) which cause the contraction vital to muscle function

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13
Q

each muscle is a

A

bundle of muscle fibers, (myofibrils composed of myofilaments) each of which is
a long multinucleated cell.

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14
Q

myoblast

A

single mononucleated cells

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15
Q

myotube

A

myoblasts fused together to form multinucleated fiber during development

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16
Q

myofibril

A

a muscle fibril, one of the slender threads of a muscle fiber, composed of numerous myofilaments

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17
Q

origin

A

End of the muscle that is attached to the
least movable structure…(Home-Base)

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18
Q

insertion

A

Other end of muscle attached to
more moveable structure

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19
Q

action

A

Movement accomplished when the muscle fibers contract

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20
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: sternum & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of Temporal Bone
Action: Flexes & rotates head
Divides the neck into anterior & posterior cervical triangles
*Innervation: 11th cranial/accessory nerve

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21
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: occipital bone & midline of cervical/thoracic regions
Insertion: clavicle & scalpula
Action: Raises or lowers clavicle & scalpula
shoulders: “shrug”
*Innervation: 11th cranial/Accessory nerve

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22
Q

muscles of facial expression are

A

paired located superficial fascia of facial tissue

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23
Q

where do all muscles of facial expression originated from

A

Bone & insert into skin tissue

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24
Q

epicranial muscle

A

scalp region for facial expression

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25
Q

2 bellies of the epicranial muscle

A

frontal and occipital Connected by a scalpal tendon
Epicranial Aponeurosis
Muscle & tendon are one of the layers that forms the scalp

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26
Q

occipital belly of epicranial muscle

A

Origin: occipital & temporal bone,
Insert: epicranial aponeurosis

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27
Q

frontal belly of epicranial muscle

A

Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis,
Insert: eyebrow & root of nose
action: raise the eyebrows and scalp

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28
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

encircles eye
Origin: orbital rim, nasal process of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla
Insert: lateral skin of eye, some completely encircle eye
Action: closes eye, squints eye,
“crows feet”

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29
Q

Corrugator supercilii

A

Origin: on frontal bone in the supraorbital region
Insert: skin of eyebrow
Action: Draws skin tissue medially & inferiorly, causes wrinkles in forehead - Frowns

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30
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin encircles mouth
Inserts in skin at angle of mouth & philtrum of lip
Action: Closes lips, tightening: pursing, rolling in:+ grimace, thrusting out: pouting/kissing
This one makes it tough to scale lower ant. teeth!

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31
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin :
alveolar process &
pterygomandibular raphe
fibrous structure w/runs from hamulus to posterior portion of mylohyoid line
Inserts angle of mouth
(both horizontal and vertical fibers)
Action: pushes food back forms anterior portion of cheek & suction for suckling

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32
Q

Risorius

A

Origin: fascia of masseter muscle
Inserts: angle of mouth
Action: Widens mouth when smiling WIDELY, works w/ platysma = Grimace

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33
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Origin: infraorbital rim of maxilla
Inserts: upper lip
Action?
elevates upper lip

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34
Q

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

A

Origin: frontal process of maxilla
Insert: ala & upper lip
Action: elevates both & dilates nostrils = sneer

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35
Q

Levator Anguli Oris located deep to the zygomaticus mus.

A

Origin: canine fossa
Inserts: angle of mouth ACTION?
elevates angle of mouth

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36
Q

zygomaticus major

A

Origin: zygomatic bone
Inserts: in angle of mouth positioned lateral to minor
function: elevate upper lip

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37
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

Origin: zygomatic bone
Insert: upper lip
function: assist with smile

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38
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Origin: lower mandible
Insert: in angle of mouth
Action: depresses the angle of the mouth = frown

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39
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Origin: lower border of Mand.
Inserts: in lower lip
Action: frowns (depresses lower lip, exposing mand. incisors)

40
Q

mentalis

A

A short, thick muscle
Origin: mandible near midline
Insert: skin of chin
Action: ?
Raises chin, protrudes lower lip = displaced denture

41
Q

platysma

A

Runs from neck all the way to the mouth
Origin: skin superficial to clavicle & shoulder
Insert: lower border of mandible & muscles around mouth
Action: ?
Raises skin of neck & pulls corner of mouth down

42
Q

five muscles that help you smile

A

Levator labii superioris:Raises upper lip
Levator anguli oris:Elevates Commisure(s)
Zygomaticus major & minor Raises upper lip
Risorous (#5)widens mouth when smiling(related more to a grimace)

43
Q

muscle of mastication

A

Four pairs of muscles attached to the mandible:
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

44
Q

muscle of mastication

A

Responsible for all movements of mandible: LIST:
*Depression & elevation
(Opening/closing jaws)
*Bringing lower jaw forward or backward
(Protrusion & retraction)
*Shifting lower jaw side to side
(Lateral deviation)

45
Q

Which nerve innervates the Muscles of Mastication & TMJ muscles?

A

5th cranial nerve: Trigeminal (mandibular division)

46
Q

Masseter location

A

Most superficially located muscles of mastication One of the strongest
2 bellies: Both Superficial & Deep head

47
Q

masseter

A

Origin:
Zygomatic arch
Superficial Head
Ant. 2/3 of lower border of Zygomatic Arch
Deep Head
Post. 1/3 & entire medial surface of Zygomatic arch

Insertion:
Superficial head
lateral surface of angle of mandible
Deep Head
ramus above angle of mandible

Action ?
Elevation of mandible (closing jaw)

48
Q

pterygoid medial

A

Origin: Pterygoid fossa of sphenoid
Insert: at angle of mandible, medial surface
Action: elevation of mandible closing of jaw

49
Q

pterygoid lateral

A

Origin: greater wing & lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Insert: in pterygoid fovea of mandible
action: shift jaw to opposite side and protrusion of jaw

50
Q

temporalis

A

Origin:
temporal fossa & infratemporal crest
Insertion: coronoid process
Action?
Elevation & retraction of mandible (raises & draws mandible backward)

51
Q

hyoid bone

A

Horseshoe-shaped
Suspended bone
Muscular & ligamentaryattachments only

52
Q

Hyoid muscles suprahyoid

A

Digastric
Anterior belly (A)
Posterior belly (P)
Mylohyoid (A)
Geniohyoid (A)
Stylohyoid (P)

53
Q

hyoid muscles infrahyoid

A

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

54
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Superficial position in neck tissue
anterior or posterior group
All attached in some way to hyoid bone
Anterior Suprahyoid muscle group only
Action: Depress the mandible & opens jaw during mastication
Anterior & Posterior Suprahyoid muscle groups together:
Action: Elevation of hyoid bone & larynx-during swallowing

55
Q

Suprahyoid muscle digastric posterior belly

A

O: Posterior belly: mastoid notch
I: Posterior belly: intermediate tendon

56
Q

Suprahyoid muscle digastric anterior belly

A

O: Anterior belly - intermediate tendon
I: Anterior belly - medial surface of mandible
Q: What do the 2 bellies join by?
A: Intermediate tendon

57
Q

Suprahyoid Muscle: Digastric-Anterior & Posterior Belly

A

Back to Front with a tendon in the middle!

58
Q

Suprahyoid Muscle: Digastric

A

Action anterior belly:
depress mandible opening jaw (main action)
Action anterior & posterior belly: elevate hyoid & larynx during swallowing

59
Q

Suprahyoid Muscle: Mylohyoid

A

Origin:
mylohyoid line of mandible
R & L sides unite medially, forming the floor of mouth
Inserts: Posterior portion on the body of hyoid
Action:
Depress mandible & elevates hyoid bone/ larynx
Forms floor of mouth & helps elevate tongue

60
Q

Suprahyoid Muscle: Stylohyoid

A

Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Action?
Elevation of hyoid & larynx during allowing

61
Q

Suprahyoid Muscle: Geniohyoid

A

Origin: genial tubercles of mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Action
Elevate the hyoid bone & larynx
Contraction of this muscles also causes the mandible to depress

62
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Attached in some way to the hyoid bone
Located inferior to the hyoid bone
Infrahyoid muscles:
Actions:
1. Most depress the hyoid bone
2. Other specific actions to be discussed

63
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Origin: posterior surface of sternum
Insertion: inserts
on thyroid cartilage
Action?
depresses the thyroid cartilage & larynx

64
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Origin: posterior & superior surfaces of sternum
Insert: on body of hyoid
Action?
Depresses hyoid bone

65
Q

Omohyoid inferior belly

A

origin: scapula
insertion: tendon to superior belly
Action: depress hyoid

66
Q

Omohyoid superior belly

A

origin: tendon
insertion: body
of hyoid
Action: depress hyoid

67
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insert: on body & greater cornu of hyoid bone
Action:
Depresses the hyoid bone & raises the thyroid cartilage & larynx

68
Q

muscles of tongue

A

intrinsic tongue, extrinsic, innervated

69
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A

located entirely inside the tongue
(Changes shape of tongue~Shape-shifters)

70
Q

Extrinsic tongue muscles

A

genioglossus, styloglossus & hyoglossus
(Moves & anchors tongue to mandible, styloid process & hyoid bone)

71
Q

innervated tongue muscles

A

Innervated by hypoglossal or 12th cranial nerve

72
Q

tongue dorsal surface

A

specialized epithelium
Filiform, fungiform, foliate & circumvallate papilla

73
Q

tongue ventral surface

A

lining mucosa
nonkeratinized epithelium

74
Q

Genioglossal

A

Origin: genial tubercle
Inserts: on hyoid bone & in the tongue from its base almost to apex
Action
Protrudes the tongue out of the oral cavity or depress parts of the tongue

75
Q

styloglossal

A

Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insert: lateral surface of the tongue, its apex & at border of body & base
Action
Retracts the tongue superiorily & posteriorly

76
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Origin: greater cornu & part of body of hyoid
Insert: lateral surface of the body of tongue
Action:
Depresses the tongue

77
Q

Muscles of the Pharynx

A

Part of both the respiratory & digestive tract
3 portions: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx
Muscles involved in speaking, swallowing & middle ear function
Stylopharyngeus, pharyngeal constrictors & soft palate muscles

78
Q

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

A

Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insert: into the lateral & posterior pharyngeal walls
Action?
Elevates & widens the pharynx…
Upon swallowing food

79
Q

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles 3 pairs

A

superior, middle, inferior

80
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Origin: hamulus, mandible & pterygomandibular raphe
insert: median pharyngeal raphe

81
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Origin: hyoid bone & Stylohyoid ligament
insert: median pharyngeal raphe

82
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Origin: thyroid & cricoid cartilage of larynx
insert: median pharyngeal raphe

83
Q

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

A

Action: all raise the pharynx & larynx & help drive food inferiorly into the esophagus during swallowing

84
Q

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles: superior origin

A

Pterygomandibular Raphe, Hamulus & mandible

85
Q

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles: middle origin

A

Hyoid bone & stylohyoid ligament

86
Q

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles: Inferior origin

A

Thyriod & Cricoid cartilage of larynx

87
Q

Muscles of Soft Palate

A

Soft palate forms the nonbony posterior portion of the roof of the mouth (Oropharynx)
Connects laterally with the tongue
Muscles involved in speaking & swallowing.
4 paired & 1 singular muscle …?
(Uvula)

88
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Anterior pillar or arch

89
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

Posterior pillar or arch

90
Q

Levator Veli Palatine

A

Raises soft palate to close off nasopharynx during speech & swallowing

91
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini

A

Stiffens soft palate

92
Q

Uvula

A

Helps close off nasopharynx

93
Q

Palatoglossus

A

origin: median palatine raphe
(Forms anterior pillar)
insert: lateral surface of tongue
Action: elevates base of the tongue, depresses soft palate toward tongue

94
Q

Soft Palate Muscle: Palatopharyngeus

A

Origin: soft palate (Forms posterior pillar)
Insert: walls of laryngopharynx & thyroid cartilage
Action: moves palate posterio-inferiorly & pharynx antero-superiorly

Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing
95
Q

Soft palate: Uvula

A

adapts to posterior pharyngeal wall
Origin/Insertion: tissue projection that hangs inferiorly from the posterior soft palate
Action: Contraction of this muscle will shorten & broaden it to change the contour of the soft palate.
Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing.

96
Q

Soft Palate: Levator veli palatini

A

Origin: temporal bone
Insert: median palatine raphe
Action: raises soft palate, brings it in contact with posterior pharyngeal wall
Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing

97
Q

Soft Palate: Tensor veli palatini

A

Origin: auditory tube & inferior sfc. of sphenoid
Insert : median palatine raphe
Action?
Tenses & slightly lowers the soft palate

Oral science B (4 decks)

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